企业推行奖励旅游的制度探析

奖励旅游是会展旅游的重要组成部分,因具有良好的激励功效,以及在塑造组织文化、提高企业绩效等方面体现出的附加价值,受到越来越多企业管理者的重视和关注。企业是奖励旅游的重要购买主体。但作为一种制度化的组织,企业在推行奖励旅游的过程中,深受内外部制度、正式制度与非正式制度的影响。本文利用新制度经济学理论,对影响企业推行奖励旅游的制度因素进行探讨,以期为建立奖励旅游发展的制度环境提供理论依据,并从企业内部正式制度与非正式制度、外部正式制度与非正式制度四个维度探讨如何通过相关制度安排的不断完善促进奖励旅游发展。     

环准噶尔旅游产业带景区系统空间结构的分形研究——以“阿勒泰千里旅游画卷”为例

根据旅游景区(点)系统空间结构的自组织演化特征,以"阿勒泰千里旅游画卷"为例,运用分形理论的聚集维数与关联维数对环准噶尔旅游产业带核心景区系统空间结构发育的成熟度和稳定性作定量评价。结果表明:①该地区旅游景区体系已形成双中心互补性的凝聚态分布,景区分布较为紧凑,同时验证了"阿勒泰千里旅游画卷"规划的科学性。②该地区作为环准噶尔旅游产业带龙头景区的中心地位置显著。③虽然"阿勒泰千里旅游画卷"景区系统自组织演化空间结构呈优化趋势,但是要素分布依然具有不均衡性,影响到旅游产业的协调发展。     

Valuing Australian botanic collections: a combined travel‐cost and contingent valuation study*

Economic values of biological collections in three Australian botanic gardens in Canberra, Melbourne and Sydney were estimated using the travel‐cost method (TCM) and the contingent valuation method (CVM). The TCM component of the study produced average per‐trip consumer surplus (CS) values of $39 and $18 for single‐ and multiple‐site visitors, respectively, for each botanic garden, resulting in an estimate of approximately $194 million for the total social welfare generated by trips to the three sites. Marginal willingness to pay (WTP) for access to botanic gardens was also investigated through payment vehicles of entry fees or higher parking charges using the CVM component. The analysis revealed a positive mean WTP of between $3 and $5 per trip per person. The difference between the CVM and TCM results reflect the different underlying concepts of value under investigation: average CS per visit for the TCM and the utility arising from a marginal visit for the CVM. Marginal changes in CS from the TCM were derived. The confidence intervals from the TCM marginal values overlap the WTP estimates from the CVM. These findings will be useful for resource management decisions in the botanic gardens collection in Australia.     

江西省森林公园休闲旅游开发问题与对策

结合江西省森林公园开发休闲旅游的优势,在阐述江西省森林公园休闲旅游开发中存在缺乏统筹规划、管理归属不清、旅游产品形式单一、资金投入不足、营销体系不健全等问题的基础上,提出了江西省森林公园休闲旅游开发的对策。     

中小旅行社实施绿色营销的价值与切入模式

中小旅行社实施绿色营销是绿色经济和绿色旅游发展的必然结果,也是中小旅行社可持续发展的必然要求。我国中小旅行社可以根据实际情况,从绿色企业形象塑造、营销策略组合绿化、绿色旅游市场专业化、开展国际绿色认证等方面实施切入,开展渐进式、层次化的绿色营销。     

Proposing online game loyalty and its antecedents considering gender as a moderator: a qualitative study

This study discusses the formation of consumer loyalty in the context of online games. Loyalty to a specific online game may be conceptualized in terms of repeat patronage, switching behavior, and word-of-mouth recommendations toward the game. A conceptual model is proposed. In the model, virtual power-status, incentive utility, relational interacting behavior, and feature enhancement indirectly influence loyalty through the mediation of satisfaction and commitment. Gender is proposed to moderate each model path given that individuals with stronger feminine or masculine identities are likely to make repeated consumption on online games based on different game product choices accordingly. Finally, the implications of the proposed model and suggestions for future research are also discussed.     

物流动态联盟管理研究

物流动态联盟是一种新出现的管理模式,也是军事物流发展的方向之一,文章研究动态联盟的发展、管理模式,以及管理中的风险机理,可能存在的风险种类。探讨风险区间评价方法,建立风险评估的层次模型。给出风险防范的对策。     

经理管理防御对企业研发投资的影响

以2009-2014年我国A股上市公司为研究样本,采用回归分析方法探讨经济转型期经理人对企业研发投资水平的影响。将管理防御划分为管理者个人人力资本特征、激励特征和监督特征3个维度,每个维度选取一些特征变量分析其对企业研发投资水平的影响机理和经验证据。采用全样本实证研究发现：经理人年龄和工作转换成本与企业研发投资水平负相关,经理人任期与研发投资水平呈倒U型关系,其它特征变量如受教育程度、经理人年薪报酬、经理人持股比例、独立董事比例和股权制衡度与研发投资水平正相关。区分样本公司产权性质后实证发现,经理人年龄、任期和两职兼任仅在国有企业显著影响企业研发投资水平,在非国有企业其关系不成立。提供了不同产权性质企业经理人驱动因素对企业研发投资水平的影响机理和证据。应通过调整驱动因素降低经理人水平,提高企业研发投资水平,实现企业技术创新战略目标。     

Perceived travel risks: the traveller perspective and manageability

Although a large number of studies both in and out of the tourism literature have examined perceived risk, the risk categories utilized are often too broad and are not generated from the perspective of current and potential travellers. This deficiency in the travel research is addressed in this study by asking more than 2,000 respondents to identify their concerns when travelling. All respondent concerns were content analyzed to derive ten travel‐specific risks and the relationship of the identified risks with demographic characteristics of the respondents was examined. The identification of these potential and actual traveller‐driven travel‐risks allows tourism officials to better understand how to respond to alleviate traveller concerns and encourage travel. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Travel motivations of Japanese senior travellers to Thailand

This study applies the conceptual framework of push and pull motivations to investigate travel motivations of Japanese senior travellers to Thailand. Using factor analysis, three push and four pull factor dimensions are identified. The three push factors are labelled ‘novelty and knowledge‐seeking’, ‘rest and relaxation’ and ‘ego‐enhancement’, while the four pull factors are ‘cultural and historical attractions’, ‘travel arrangements and facilities’, ‘shopping and leisure activities’ and ‘safety and cleanliness’. Among them, ‘novelty and knowledge‐seeking’ and ‘cultural and historical attractions’ are regarded as the most important push and pull factors respectively. The results of multiple regression analysis indicate that psychological well‐being (i.e. positive affect) and education are the two factors influencing travel motivations of Japanese senior travellers to Thailand. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.