Do Exchange Rate Shocks Have Asymmetric Effects on Reserve Accumulation? Evidence from Emerging Markets*

It is generally argued that central banks in emerging market countries, motivated by a desire to defend export competitiveness, tend to intervene in foreign exchange markets to limit currency appreciations rather than depreciations. Using panel data from 13 emerging market countries for the period 1998:M1 to 2016:M12, we find that exchange rate shocks play an important role in determining the accumulation of international reserves. Moreover, we find evidence that central banks in emerging markets tend to follow a “leaning against the depreciation wind” policy, rather than the appreciation wind (i.e., we provide evidence of a “fear of depreciation”).     

Do Psychological Fallacies Influence Trading in Financial Markets? Evidence from the Foreign Exchange Market

Research in both economics and psychology suggests that when agents predict the next value of a random series they frequently exhibit two types of biases, which are called the gambler's fallacy (GF) and the hot hand fallacy (HHF). The GF is to expect a negative correlation in a process that is in fact random. The HHF is more or less the opposite of this—to believe that another heads is more likely after a run of heads. The evidence for these fallacies comes largely from situations where they are not punished (lotteries, casinos, and laboratory experiments with random returns). In many real-world situations, such as in financial markets, succumbing to fallacies is costly, which gives an incentive to overcome them. The present study is based on high-frequency data from a market maker in the foreign exchange market. Trading behavior is only partly explained by the rational exploitation of past patterns in the data. There is also evidence of the GF: a tendency to sell the dollar after it has risen persistently or strongly.     

The (Price) Core of a Bertrand–Edgeworth Economy

In this paper, a solution concept from cooperative game theory is applied to a special kind of oligopolistic markets. Traditionally, oligopoly theory uses non-cooperative game theory. The cooperative solution concept, the Price Core, has been specially developed for this paper. In contrast to the Core, in the Price Core, different consumers may pay different prices for the same commodity. An example shows that the set of competitive allocations may be a proper subset of the Core and that the Core may be a proper subset of the Price Core. Received July 24, 2001; revised version received February 25, 2002 Published online: December 5, 2002     

对影响中国外汇储备规模因素的实证研究——以1985年～2005年数据为例

2006年末,我国外汇储备已突破1万亿美元,外汇储备规模成为政府和学术界关注的焦点。文中从实证的角度出发,建立了双对数计量经济模型,运用EVIEWS软件分析了影响中国外汇储备规模的多种因素,确定国外债务还本付息、进口与汇率是影响我国外汇储备规模的最重要因素,得出回归方程,为预测和制定相关的政策提供一定的依据。     

网络广告交换自动匹配模型构建

网络广告交挨是中小企业网站推广的常用方法之一。目前,我国广告交换市场人工匹配存在着许多弊端,存在很多价值不同的资源广告交换情况。为优化网络广告资源分配,利用满足最大数量广告位自动匹配的图模型,采用广告位作为节点,用广告交换者之间的供需信息作为孤构建模型,即给出模型的求解思路。模型可以产生若干广告位交换推荐信息供平台人员做决策参考,以促进交易的发生,带动整个广告交换平台的发展,实现广告交换资源的自动最大匹配。     

Does real exchange rate depreciation increase productivity? Analysis using Korean firm‐level data

We examine the effects of real exchange rate (RER ) depreciation shocks on firm productivity. Using the firm‐level data of Korean manufacturing industries for 2006–13, we distinguish between yearly RER movement and persistent RER depreciation during 2007–09 and analyse how each affects productivity. We find the positive effect of RER depreciation on productivity among exporters, and this positive effect increases with higher export exposure. However, the positive productivity gain disappears when the depreciation persists. Our findings suggest that while immediate depreciation leads to productivity upgrade via price competitiveness and scale expansion, persistent depreciation nullifies the productivity gain by slackening the innovation effort.     

人民币汇率升值下纺织品贸易摩擦应对措施

人民币汇率机制调整以来,我国与欧美等国家和地区的纺织品贸易摩擦并没有因此而缓和.我国一直采取的自愿出口限制、出口税等措施,在人民币汇率升值后应适当调整.当前,发展纺织产业的产业内贸易,即积极采取自愿进口扩大措施,并鼓励纺织品企业向发达国家跨国并购,不但有利于缓解贸易摩擦,而且在汇率升值的契机下更有利于我国纺织产业保持比较优势,形成竞争优势.     

中国外汇储备增长对CPI指数影响的滞后期研究

本文对我国1995年第一季度至2011年第三季度的外汇储备数据与中国消费者物价指数(consumerpriceindex,以下简称CPI)的相关性进行研究,通过实证检验分析外汇储备和CPI的影响期,结果表明外汇储备的增长与CPI存在长期关系。短期来看,上一期的CPI指数和上一期的外汇储备数额对当期的CPI有影响。通过Granger检验发现外汇储备的增长对CPI影响的滞后期为2年。     

BRICS: How important is the exchange rate pass-through?

This paper analyses the exchange rate pass-through (ERPT) into domestic consumer prices in BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) countries from mid-1990s onwards by using three different econometric approaches (i.e., the single equation approach, the VAR approach and the time-varying parameter approach). It is also studied the role of macroeconomic determinants in ERPT. Our results suggest that (a) ERPT is higher for the emerging markets with mostly floating exchange rates (Brazil, Russia and South Africa) than for the other BRICS countries; (b) exchange rate explains, on average, around the 40% of the price variance for Brazil, Russia and South Africa; and (c) inflation volatility, exchange rate volatility and openness seem to be the key macroeconomic determinants in BRICS countries.