情境教学法和高职英语教学

高职院校的英语教学以"实用为主,够用为度"为原则。要求学生在打好语言基本功的基础上,能够读懂和翻译专业发展最前沿的英文资料和信息。应用情境教学法能使学生提高英语学习的兴趣和学习的效率,从而为专业英语的学习打下坚实的语言功底,更好的完成高职英语教学的目标。该文就情境教学法在高职院校的应用和应注意的问题做了研究。     

An explanation for the price puzzle: Asymmetric information and expectation dynamics

Using theoretical and empirical analyses, this paper shows that the expectation dynamics induced by information asymmetry between the Central Bank (CB) and the public can cause the price puzzle. The signalling and learning dynamics between the CB and a representative private-sector agent under asymmetric information is investigated. Inflation positively reacts to contractionary monetary policy because the change in the interest rate is perceived as a signal of the CB’s private information about higher future inflation and output by the public. The empirical section of the paper validates this theoretical argument using a VAR specification about the US economy. Besides providing an explanation for the price puzzle, the results of this paper has practical implications about transparency and monetary policy. The theoretical and empirical findings indicate that asymmetric information causes significant frictions in the transmission mechanism of monetary policy. These frictions induce short-run undesired effects like increase in expected inflation and actual inflation as a response to contractionary monetary policy which is identified as “the price puzzle”.     

研究性学习在大学英语写作教学中的应用

分析了大学英语写作教学中存在的常见问题,指出研究性性学习对于解开英语写作教学困局的重要意义。通过具体的实例论证了研究性学习模式如何激发学生的写作兴趣,有效地提高学生的英语写作水平。     

多重知识网络嵌入性对团队创新绩效的“双刃剑”效应——失败学习的中介作用

基于网络嵌入理论和经验学习理论,遵循“资源―行为―绩效”框架,从团队视角探讨多重知识网络嵌入性对创新绩效的影响机制。采用PROCESS宏程序和MEDCURVE宏程序分析技术,对多时点收集的277套创新型团队领导―成员配对数据进行分析,研究发现多重知识网络嵌入性转化为团队创新绩效的4条路径：①内部和外部知识网络嵌入性均对团队创新绩效存在倒U型影响;②利用式失败学习在内部知识网络嵌入性与团队创新绩效的正向关系中具有显著中介作用,在外部知识网络嵌入性与团队创新绩效的倒U型关系中具有显著中介作用;③探索式失败学习在两个维度的知识网络嵌入性与团队创新绩效的倒U型关系中具有显著中介作用;④两个维度的知识网络嵌入性顺次通过利用式失败学习、探索式失败学习对团队创新绩效发挥间接作用,利用式失败学习和探索式失败学习在其中起链式中介作用。     

双元视角下调节聚焦对国防研发人员创新行为的影响机制

调节聚焦作为个体实现目标的动机调节系统,对个体创新行为具有重要作用,是组织行为学领域关注的热点。基于调节聚焦等相关理论,从二维视角深入考察个体调节聚焦对其双元创新的过程机理与边界机制。对527名国防科技研发人员进行问卷调研分析,结果发现：①促进聚焦和防御聚焦均正向预测双元创新及其平衡性与互补性,促进聚焦的预测作用更强;②探索式失败学习和利用式失败学习同时中介上述关系;③正向组织差错管理氛围正向调节促进聚焦与双元创新及其互补性的关系,负向组织差错管理氛围正向调节防御聚焦与双元创新及其互补性的关系。     

认知心理学学习论指导下高职教学过程设计探析

认知心理学派代表人物加涅关于学习结果的分类涵盖了认知、动作技能和情感三大领域学习,分别指向了高等职业院校学生掌握专业理论、职业技能和职业态度学习领域.本文在认知心理学学习理论的指导下,重点探讨了高职专业理论知识和包括智慧技能和动作技能在内的职业技能教学过程设计,从教学设计角度对高职教学改革作了新的探讨.     

拨开农业创业失败复兴迷雾：失败学习与创业能力的共演过程

农业创业赋予我国乡村振兴和农业高质量发展以无穷活力,但在实践中农业创业失败率却一直居高不下,创业者遭遇失败后究竟该如何复兴值得探索。选取央视《致富经》栏目中14个典型败后复兴的农业创业案例,运用扎根理论分析法,探究败后复兴过程中失败学习和创业能力演化规律。研究发现：①失败学习主要表现为归因学习、经验学习和迭代学习3种学习方式,能够作用于败后复兴过程中的创业能力形成;②创业能力主要包括机会能力、技术能力、市场能力及运营能力,对败后复兴起推动作用;③在败后复兴的3个具体阶段,失败学习通过填补知识空白、经验知识内化和知识体系革新3个关键机制与创业能力互动,能够有效促进创业能力演化,在败后复兴过程中起决定性作用。     

中国通货膨胀的动态特征研究

现有测度通胀惯性的常用模型是仅含自身滞后因子的自回归模型,该模型不能有效反映通胀预期和波动性对通胀惯性的影响。本文在自回归模型基础上,构建了一个包含通胀惯性、学习型预期和波动性特征的通胀动态模型。该动态模型从均值和波动项两个方面反映了我国通胀水平的动态变化趋势和特征。针对上述模型不能有效反映通胀状态体制变化的缺点,本文还引入Markov机制转换模型来测度我国通胀水平的状态转移特征。利用分位数回归方法下的自回归模型、本文构建的通胀动态模型以及Markov机制转化模型实证研究了我国通胀的动态特征。分析表明:我国通胀水平具有较强的惯性特征;通胀惯性的形成机理比较复杂,学习型预期只能部分解释通胀惯性;通胀水平的状态转移时间比较长;通胀水平与其波动性有着正向的关系。     

The M4 Competition: Results,findings, conclusion and way forward

The M4 competition is the continuation of three previous competitions started more than 45 years ago whose purpose was to learn how to improve forecasting accuracy, and how such learning can be applied to advance the theory and practice of forecasting. The purpose of M4 was to replicate the results of the previous ones and extend them into three directions: First significantly increase the number of series, second include Machine Learning (ML) forecasting methods, and third evaluate both point forecasts and prediction intervals. The five major findings of the M4 Competitions are: 1. Out Of the 17 most accurate methods, 12 were “combinations” of mostly statistical approaches. 2. The biggest surprise was a “hybrid” approach that utilized both statistical and ML features. This method’s average sMAPE was close to 10% more accurate than the combination benchmark used to compare the submitted methods. 3. The second most accurate method was a combination of seven statistical methods and one ML one, with the weights for the averaging being calculated by a ML algorithm that was trained to minimize the forecasting. 4. The two most accurate methods also achieved an amazing success in specifying the 95% prediction intervals correctly. 5. The six pure ML methods performed poorly, with none of them being more accurate than the combination benchmark and only one being more accurate than Naïve2. This paper presents some initial results of M4, its major findings and a logical conclusion. Finally, it outlines what the authors consider to be the way forward for the field of forecasting.     

创业网络结构属性如何影响创业学习方式的选择——基于印记理论的单案例研究

创业网络对具有新进入缺陷的新创企业以及创业者而言有着至关重要的作用,不仅表现为"知识源"作用,也表现为"印记源"作用。印记理论指出个体或组织在其容易受到影响的时期,外部环境的显著特征将对其产生重大影响,个体和组织将打上环境特征的烙印,并且这种烙印将持续影响个体和组织的行为。基于此,本研究基于印记理论,利用对一家创业企业的归纳式纵向单案例分析探讨创业网络不同的结构属性经由何种印记过程,继而影响创业者学习方式的选择。结果表明：当创业网络表现为封闭、半开放以及开放的不同网络结构时,经由不同结构属性导致的结构印记和认知印记过程差异,影响着创业者实验式学习、观察式学习以及协同式学习的不同选择。