The “timber box” effect for premium wines

The present research aimed to examine the effectiveness of using luxurious external packaging boxes to improve customer perceptions towards premium wine. Consumers viewed images of wine presented in four types of packaging: (1) no box; (2) a plain wooden box; (3) a wooden box with explanatory text; and (4) a wooden box with both explanatory text and a transparent window; and completed a survey measuring product attitude, willingness to pay, perceived luxury, and perceived risk associated with the product. Results indicated all box types resulted in higher willingness to pay, and that the explanatory and transparent boxes were able to elicit significantly higher product attitudes than the plain box or no box at all. The positive effects of the transparent and explanatory boxes were fully mediated, or explained, by perceived luxury. Furthermore, the negative effects underlying the plain box conditions were partially mediated by perceived risk. The present study was the first to empirically investigate the psychological mechanisms responsible for the influence of packaging, and to examine how perceived product luxury and perceived risk underlie these effects. Managerial implications are discussed, and recommendations are provided for retailers.     

乡村旅游体验真实性研究

首先指出了乡村旅游的概念,阐释了其在中国的发展历程,同时指出了目前我国乡村旅游存在的问题。然后在体验真实性理论探讨的基础上提出了乡村旅游体验真实的相对性,并从乡村旅游东道地居民、乡村旅游者和乡村旅游经营者三个方面对乡村旅游体验真实性进行了多维度的研究,最后提出在未来乡村旅游的规划和开发中应该遵循各群体的利益,实现乡村旅游的可持续性发展。     

葡萄酒质量的评价研究——基于多种数学模型的综合分析

采用加权法、方差分析对两组评酒员的评价结果进行差异性分析,得出第二组评酒员的评价结果更可信。后利用主成分分析得出酿酒葡萄理化指标的主成分得分,并用模糊C均值聚类将酿酒葡萄分为五级。基于典型相关分析对酿酒葡萄与葡萄酒的理化指标进行分析,并得出:酿酒葡萄、葡萄酒的理化指标之间具有较强的相关性。在典型相关分析的基础之上对指标进行筛选,运用逐步回归得出酿酒葡萄、葡萄酒的理化指标与葡萄酒质量的回归模型。     

Residents’ attitudes and the adoption of pro-tourism behaviours: The case of developing island countries

This study considers both economic and non-economic factors to examine how residents perceive tourism and ultimately develop pro-tourism behaviour. The concepts used in model creation are Social Exchange Theory and the Theory of Reasoned Action. Based on data derived from 418 residents of the Cape Verde Islands (off the coast of western Africa) a structural equation model is used to test how perceived personal benefits and general economic conditions shape perceptions of tourism, and in turn how these perceptions determine pro-tourism behaviour. Additionally, the concept of welcoming behaviour is included in the model. It is found the perceived tourism impacts mediate between welcoming and pro-tourism behaviours.     

黄酒非生物稳定性主要影响因素的研究

研究了影响黄酒非生物稳定性的主要因素:酒样中添加牛血清白蛋白(BSA,分子量68KD),酒体浊度可达到最大值,继续添加蛋白质,酒体浊度反而下降;加入少量单宁酸即可让酒体浊度达到30%以上;在酒样中加入铁盐,酒体的浊度会不断增加,直至产生大量沉淀;而加入蔗糖对酒体的浊度基本没有影响.实验结果与数据分析表明,黄酒中的蛋白质与多酚所形成的缔合物是影响酒体非生物稳定性的最主要因素.     

Tourism in difficult areas revisited: the case of Bradford

Bradford was the first city in a “difficult area” in the UK to try to capitalise on tourism. This concept was introduced by Buckley and Witt in the 1980s using Bradford as an example. The article looks at how Bradford and its tourism policies have changed since their initial success in the 1980s. Support for tourism from Local Government has fluctuated because of funding crises, uncertainty about the benefits of tourism and changing political priorities in the City. In the late 1990s, Bradford launched a new strategy to attract leisure tourists, using support from the private sector and funds from Europe. Finally, we attempt to evaluate Bradford's success in tourism over the period and relate this to the original study of difficult areas     

Qualifying tradition: Instituted practices in the making of the organic wine market in Languedoc‐Roussillon,France

Within France, the Languedoc‐Roussillon region (now part of Occitanie) is home to about one third of the nation's area of certified organic vineyards. Each year, the world's largest organic wine fair, Millésime Bio, takes place in the city of Montpellier. This trade fair is an important site where organic wine is not only sold but also given meaning in the market, and importantly, differentiated from but made commensurate with conventional wine. In this paper, we examine processes and practices of ‘qualifying’ organic wine, including by means of relational processes of association and dissociation. Drawing on collaborative event ethnography and other qualitative methods, we focus on individual and institutional actors engaged in creating forms of commodified meanings that circulate with organic wine. In Languedoc‐Roussillon, these meanings reflect and reinforce a longer‐term so‐called shift to quality in wine production, yet also emphasize continuity over change, particularly through emphasis on ongoing role of artisanal, independent growers. We argue that qualification thereby works not only through association with independent growers but also by dissociation, specifically from Languedoc‐Roussillon's agrarian tradition of generic wine production and from the central role played by wine cooperatives in the social reproduction of the region's small‐holding grower class.     

香港居民对内地游客旅游行为感知研究

通过抽样问卷调查方法,分析了香港居民对内地游客不文明行为的感知与态度,进一步揭示了感知所产生的反应及影响,认为香港居民目前应属于＂矛盾的支持者＂类型,对于旅游业发展的态度是普遍支持的,但内心的不满和负面的态度亦较为明显,长期而言,这种由游客行为所引发的目的地居民的感知态度将直接影响目的地旅游业的发展。     

Understanding alcohol consumption across countries

ABSTRACT

With unpublished data from the International Comparison Program that cover the consumption of three alcoholic beverages in over 150 countries, we analyse drinking patterns around the world with an index-number approach, by estimating a demand system, and by studying the interaction among beverages in generating utility. We consider a separate demand system for each income quartile and find that tastes are not too different across quartiles. Broadly speaking, the results are robust to rolling sub-samples of countries, an alternative demand model and sample selectivity issues. The differences in the cost of alcohol across countries are also investigated, as is its role in affecting the degree of price-sensitivity of consumption.     

Social media marketing in wine tourism: winery owners’ perceptions

This paper examines winery owners’ attitudes and perceptions regarding the use of social media in marketing and promoting wine tourism online. Empirical evidence is provided by a sample of 20 winery owners in the North Italian region of Langhe, who have engaged to a greater or lesser extent in social media. The findings show that while the majority of winery owners recognise the social, economic and emotional benefits of social media, they are far from exploiting its full potential, partially due to barriers such as their agricultural mentality and the time-consuming nature of social media.