有限合伙人、竞争者间接联结与企业创新

基于竞争性信息泄露假说,研究企业通过有限合伙人（LP）形成的竞争者间接联结对自身创新的影响。通过私募通数据库搜集数据,以电子与光电设备行业接受A轮风险投资的企业为研究对象,使用负二项分布模型进行分析,结果发现：通过LP的竞争者间接联结数量对企业创新产出有显著负向影响;通过VC的竞争者间接联结数量、LP参股VC基金的相对金额、VC的合作关系均反向调节上述关系。把竞争性信息泄露假说扩展至LP层面,提醒企业在寻求VC投资时,需要注意通过VC的竞争者间接联结以及更为隐秘地通过LP的竞争者间接联结对自身创新可能带来的阻碍。     

联盟控制机制与知识获取：伙伴选择的调节作用

基于中国209家制造商以及944家供应商的问卷调查,采用阶层线性回归的实证方法,分析契约控制和关系控制对供应商知识获取的作用,并将公开选择和社会选择两种联盟伙伴选择方式作为两种控制机制共同作用的边界条件进行研究。结果发现,契约控制和关系控制均能促进联盟知识获取,两者之间是替代的关系;公开选择增强了这种替代效应,社会选择减弱了这种替代效应。     

Identifying and evaluating strategic partners for collaborative R&D: Index-based approach using patents and publications

Identifying and selecting appropriate strategic partners have been the subject of many previous studies: but most have dealt with partner selection that has relied heavily on experts' judgements: the value of a literature-based quantitative approach as a source of technology intelligence has seldom been addressed. This paper therefore aims to develop a systematic framework to guide strategic partner selection, taking a literature-based approach. Reviewing the factors that can lead to successful R&D partnerships to develop partner selection criteria, we designed 14 indexes – grouped into four major categories – to reflect desirable partner characteristics, and used the literature data to suggest a framework for prioritising potential partners. As data sources, the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) and the ISI Web of Science databases are adopted for patent analysis and publication analysis, respectively. This research applied the framework to identify strategic R&D partners for Korean firms and found that the use of literature data enabled a wide ranging search for potential partners and the quick analysis of their characteristics, with results that provided objective evidence for selection decisions. It also investigated the relative importance of literature databases and that of the four decision criteria by industry, and examined the relationships between the indexes to improve the application of the framework. The suggested framework is expected to be valuable as a complementary tool for decision-making about R&D collaboration.     

A literature review of decision-making models and approaches for partner selection in agile supply chains

The paper reviews the literature on supply partner decision-making published between 2001 and 2011, a period that has seen a significant increase in work published in this field. The progress made in developing new models and methods that can be applied to this task is assessed in the context of the previous literature. Particular attention is given to those methods that are especially relevant for use in agile supply chains. The paper uses a classification framework that enables models intended for similar purposes to be compared and tracked over time. It is also used to identify a number of gaps in the literature. The findings highlight an on-going need to develop methods that are able to meet the combination of qualitative and quantitative objectives that are typically found in partner selection problems in practice.     

基于科学的产业创新主体专利合作伙伴识别研究

近年来,发展基于科学的产业已成为全球科技和产业竞争的焦点。基于科学的产业具有开放式创新特点,产业创新主体致力于寻找合作伙伴以充分利用外部资源。专利信息涵盖丰富的技术信息、法律信息及经济信息,是创新主体寻找合作伙伴并开展创新合作的重要资源,但鲜有学者运用专利信息研究基于科学的产业创新问题。构建基于科学的产业专利合作伙伴识别研究框架,以石墨烯这一典型的基于科学的产业为例,采用专利技术组合和社会网络分析方法,从行动者网络理论的4个行动者转译环节出发,全面展现我国石墨烯产业中最具潜力的国内和跨国专利合作伙伴识别过程,以挖掘专利合作机会并提高企业竞争优势。最后,从政府、高校、企业3个层面为我国石墨烯产业创新发展提供决策参考。     

服务外包伙伴关系管理研究

我国的服务外包产业正处在一个高速发展的关键时期。在面临的诸多问题中,发包商与接包商之间的关系是关系到产业健康发展的重要问题。本文在对国际国内服务外包研究作了综述以后,提出了服务外包业务合作伙伴关系可持续发展问题,并开展了相应的讨论。建立动态博弈模型,促使契约双方顺利履行契约;采用客户关系管理理论和方法,研究客户需求的满足、服务质量的保证,以及持续提高服务满意度和长期价值最大化的问题。并据此提出了一系列相应的策略和建议。     

The costs and benefits of retirement policies at U.S. audit firms

The mandatory retirement age within U.S. Big 4 audit firms ranges from 55 to 62, which has attracted controversy and legal scrutiny. The potential costs of an earlier retirement age include the loss of established networks, experience, and expertise. However, studies in non-U.S. jurisdictions conclude that partners nearing retirement disengage from their work, which manifests in lower audit quality. Using intensive hand-collected data on the age of 3,148 U.S. audit partners, we provide the first evidence of the costs and benefits of mandatory retirement policies at U.S. audit firms. We find that audit quality does not vary, but that fees are significantly higher for U.S. partners approaching retirement. These findings suggest that U.S. mandatory retirement policies are forcing out experienced revenue earners that are producing audit quality equivalent to younger partners. Additional analysis reveal that partner retirements are mechanisms to promote and grow the client portfolios of younger and female audit partners, and therefore increase partner diversity. Our additional analysis of non-U.S. audit partners leading audits of U.S. listed companies shows that partners approaching retirement are associated with lower audit quality across certain measures. This suggests that the audit quality of older U.S. partners is superior to their non-U.S. counterparts.     

基于模糊综合评价法的社会企业合作伙伴选择研究

社会企业是一种受社会创业活动热潮推动产生的创新组织形式,其行为逐渐成为整个社会创新的助推力。基于组织间协同性、社会影响力、持续发展能力及组织外部环境等4因素构建社会企业非营利组织类合作伙伴选择评价指标体系,结合Theil不均衡指数和模糊综合评价法建立社会企业合作伙伴选择评价模型,通过实例应用既验证了社会企业非营利组织类合作伙伴选择评价指标体系的科学性和合理性,也检验了合作伙伴评价模型的有效性与可操作性。     

研发合作研究现状述评与展望——基于管理全过程视角

研发合作是弥补单主体研发能力短板、提升科技成果转化效率的重要途径。随着创新主体研发合作行为的日益增加,合作模式采选原则、合作内在动因成为影响合作成果产出的关键,但现有研究尚未形成成熟的研发合作全过程系统理论框架。为更好地坚持开放创新理念,提升国家科技创新能力,从研发合作管理全过程视角梳理相关研究现状,针对传统综述阅读体量大导致判断误差大的问题,利用文献计量法对研发合作相关文献进行梳理,分析研究热点、期刊分布和作者合作网络,利用系统分析法筛选出重点文献50篇,通过构建研发合作管理全过程模型,对重点文献进行深入解读,系统论述研发合作内在动因、伙伴与治理模式、合作网络演化规律及绩效影响因素,评析研发合作研究现状并提出未来方向,为创新主体制定研发管理战略提供指导。     

An analytic network process approach to partner selection for acquisition and development

To cope with rapid technological change and the increasing R&D costs during a period of decreasing technology and product life cycles, acquisition and development (A&D) has been suggested to be an important method for high-tech firms to achieve higher economic returns. However, few studies have examined the operational problems of choosing a compatible A&D candidate from a pool of potential A&D candidates. To address this limitation, this study proposes an approach based on the analytic network process (ANP) to rank a set of potential A&D candidates within a multivariate set of attributes systematically. A total of 25 criteria were identified and used to construct the ANP model in which the final selection is based on the resulting priorities assigned to the A&D candidates. A case study of a semiconductor manufacturing company was conducted to illustrate the application of the proposed approach. The results indicated that the proposed ANP method can aid in A&D decision-making problems systematically.