基于模糊综合评价的技术创新合作伙伴选择模型研究

首先对国内外学者"合作伙伴选择"的相关研究成果进行了剖析,找出了现有研究中存在的不足。在此基础上,从相容性、信誉度和互补性3个方面构建评价指标体系,并运用Theil不均衡指数和模糊综合评价方法建立了技术创新合作伙伴选择模型;最后通过数据仿真计算,对模型的科学性和可操作性进行了检验。结果表明:该模型具备一定的科学性和较强的可操作性     

Ex ante governance decisions in inter-organizational relationships: A case study in the airline industry

This paper discusses the theory behind ex ante governance decisions in inter-organizational relationships and uses an explanatory case study involving an inter-firm relationship between two European airlines to empirically assess the theoretical propositions. The case study complements existing literature by providing a comprehensive explanation of opportunism-based ex ante governance decisions. It deconstructs opportunism, links such behavior to unique governance responses and discusses the ex post effects of ex ante governance decisions in light of the necessary development of trust and relational governance mechanisms. In this context, it also takes account of differences in bargaining power between the two partners and examines the “control strategy” employed by the dominant partner. The paper offers further insights into the influence of bargaining power on governance decisions by illustrating how cooperating partners can address ex ante power differences. An interesting finding from this case study is the fact that the more powerful of the two partners deliberately relinquished the advantages associated with its ex ante privileged position. It accepted a governance structure that virtually equalized positions to motivate its weaker partner to participate and stimulate the development of trust.     

Innovating across boundaries: A portfolio perspective on innovation partnerships of multinational corporations

This paper examines how and under what conditions alliance portfolio diversity influences a firm's innovative performance, with special attention being given to potential performance differences between multinational corporations (MNCs) and domestic firms. Analyses of data from 1045 German firms, among which 598 MNCs, revealed an inverted U-shaped relationship between alliance portfolio diversity and MNCs’ innovative performance. Findings also indicate MNCs to be better positioned than their domestic counterparts with regards to translating alliance portfolio diversity into superior innovative performance. Importantly though, this only holds for MNCs equipped with strong internal R&D capabilities and, to some extent, high human capital.     

Co-production and its effects on service innovation

This study explores the influence of business-to-business (i.e., upstream) co-production on service innovation in the information technology (IT) industry, and examines the antecedents of co-production, based on a survey of sales managers, the seller side of the co-producers, from 157 IT businesses in Taiwan. The findings indicate that co-production positively influences service innovation to a degree that depends on the collaborative partner's compatibility and history of business relations, affective commitment, and expertise. Moreover, the business' innovation orientation enhances (moderates) the relationship between co-production and service innovation. These results have several managerial implications. Businesses should choose co-production partners that are compatible and can contribute toward advancing the relationship. Furthermore, investments in building their innovation orientation will strengthen their efforts in service innovation through co-production.     

Making partner relationship management systems work: The role of partnership governance mechanisms

While the adoption of Partner Relationship Management (PRM) systems by suppliers to manage and monitor its network of partners (i.e. resellers) has been on the rise, the performance improvements have not been consistently realized. Governance theory suggests this may be due to how the PRM system builds on the mechanisms employed by the supplier to oversee their partners. This study investigates how the two capabilities of PRM systems (relationship and fulfillment capabilities) and two partnership governance mechanisms – formal (certification control) and informal (service support) – reinforce each other. These are then related to partner performance in terms of trust, commitment and customer satisfaction. Analysis of data collected from 192 partners in the information and communications technology (ICT) sector suggest a complex relationship. In terms of direct effects, a relationship capability increased trust yet, surprisingly, a fulfillment capability reduced commitment. In terms of moderating effects, certification control weakened the positive link between the relationship capability and performance. Service support, on the other hand, negated some of the detrimental impact of the fulfillment capability on performance. The results suggest the need of to tailor PRM systems in response to the specific performance expectations around them as well as a need to clearly understand how existing partnership governance mechanisms employed by the supplier will affect the performance of these systems.     

Risk,partner selection and contractual control in interfirm relationships

This study examines firms’ use of partner selection and formal contracts as key approaches to manage transaction risk in interfirm relationships. We specifically examine the impact of transaction characteristics that generate transaction risk on (1) the importance placed on different selection criteria in the choice of collaboration partner, and (2) the complexity of contracts used to manage the collaboration. Survey data support that when confronted with greater risk from the transaction context, firms place more emphasis on trust-based and reputation-based selection criteria for partner choice and develop more complex (i.e., more inclusive and specific) contracts to manage the collaboration. Furthermore, our results show that partner selection mediates the effects of transaction characteristics on contract complexity, consistent with the argument that the information acquired during the partner selection process in response to risk facilitates the design of contracts to manage risk.     

Physical intimate partner violence in Chile,Egypt, India and the Philippines

Background: Violence against women is recognized globally as a serious health and social problem that impedes development.

Objectives: To determine the magnitude of physical intimate partner violence against women in six selected communities from Chile, Egypt, India and the Philippines.

Design: Population-based household surveys.

Settings: Selected urban communities in Temuco, Chile; Ismailia, Egypt; Lucknow, Trivandrum, and Vellore non-slum areas of India; and in Manila, the Philippines.

Participants: Women aged 15–49 years who cared for at least one child younger than 18 years old. The number of participants per community was 442 (Santa Rosa, Chile), 631 (El-Sheik Zayed, Egypt), 506 (Lucknow, India), 700 (Trivandrum, India), 716 (Vellore, India) and 1000 (Paco, the Philippines).

Main Outcome Measures: Lifetime and Current physical intimate partner violence (IPV) was measured using standard definitions and four behaviors or actions – namely slap, hit, kick and beat. Three derived variables for severity included: disabling IPV, IPV-related injury requiring health care and multiple severe IPV (presence of hit and kick and beat).

Results: Percentages of lifetime and current physical intimate partner violence (IPV) against women in our sample of 3975 were as follows: 24.9 and 3.6 (Santa Rosa), 11.1 and 10.5 (El-Sheik Zayed), 34.6 and 25.3 (Lucknow), 43.1 and 19.6 (Trivandrum), 31.0 and 16.2 (Vellore), and 21.2 and 6.2 (Paco). Multiple severe physical IPV was more common in the three communities within India (9.0%, 5.9% and 8.0% in Trivandrum, Lucknow and Vellore) than the other three communities (Santa Rosa 2.1%; El-Sheik Zayed 2.9% and Paco 1.9%).

Conclusions: Physical IPV was found to be a common phenomenon in all six communities. Overall, patterns of IPV behaviors were similar among the six communities.     

基于动态模糊评价的通信运营商合作伙伴选择模型及实证研究

基于三网融合背景下通信运营商合作伙伴选择影响因素的多样性和差异性,建立备选企业的共性指标和特性指标,结合BP神经网络、模糊评价和组合赋权的方法,提出基于BP神经网络的动态模糊综合评价模型,从现状和未来发展趋势两个方面对合作伙伴进行综合评价选择。以湖南移动推进城市光网建设为例,展示了合作伙伴选择的原理和过程。模型可以为通信运营商企业客观、全面、动态地评价和选择合作伙伴提供有效的决策支持。     

Generating effective interorganizational change: A relational approach

This study examines the effect of relationship activities and information technology adoption on the effectiveness of interorganizational change, and the moderating effect of partner characteristics and information sharing. The model was empirically tested using a survey instrument given to 131 manufacturers. The results show that relationship activities and information technology adoption are related positively to the effectiveness of interorganizational change. Further, partner characteristics and information sharing have a significant moderating effect. The authors also discuss the theoretical and practical implications of their findings.     

合伙疑难问题探析--以合伙债务的承担为视角

清偿合伙债务与合伙个人债务的先后顺序、法人之间的合伙、隐名合伙是合伙的三个疑难问题，而舍伙债务的承担则是合伙制度的核心。在清偿合伙债务与合伙个人债务的先后顺序问题的处理上，有并存债权原则和双重优先权原则两种方式，我国的司法解释采用的是双重优先权原则；关于法人之间是否可以存在合伙关系，有禁止主义和许可主义两种不同的主张，我国应从法律上鼓励、扶持法人舍伙；隐名合伙在我国也有其存在的合理性和现实性，应当尽早在立法中明确承认和规范隐名合伙。