铁路客运高峰定价模型研究

由于需求的波动性,铁路客运存在高低峰运输的差别。在高峰期,铁路不仅要投入额外的运输设备,而且车站、线路等要承受巨大的负荷。对铁路客运高峰负荷定价是一个值得关注的问题。通过以边际成本定价理论为依据,对铁路客运高峰负荷定价问题进行分析,初步计算了我国铁路客运高峰运价综合水平。     

铁路旅客列车运行图编制要点分析

旅客列车运行图是铁路旅客运输组织的综合性计划和行车组织基础。结合铁路实施提速战略的实际,从基础理论出发,分析了旅客列车运行图编制的原则和要素,客流基础和设备能力的保证,提出了当前铁路旅客列车运行图的一些新特点。     

Potential for optimised food deliveries in and around Uppsala city, Sweden

Food products are among the most frequently delivered items to retail shops in city centres and also need special attention owing to their perishable nature and quality requirements. The main objective of this study was to map out the segments of food distribution systems and determine the constraints and possibilities in developing a co-ordinated and optimised food distribution system in and around Uppsala city, to promote efficiency and environmental sustainability. The study was conducted by arranging a series of seminars, carrying out field measurements, optimisation analysis and emission estimation. Data on eight companies that distribute food in and around Uppsala city, distribute were gathered and analysed. Different tools were used successfully i.e. Global Positioning System (GPS) for field measurement, RouteLogiX for route optimisation analysis and MODTRANS (a Matlab based package) for emission estimation. Optimising the individual routes reduced travel distance by 39% and time by 40% while total optimisation reduced the number of routes by 58%, the number of vehicles by 42%, and the total distance by 39%. Consequently, optimisation could reduce emissions generated by vehicles by 48%.     

A spatial analysis of air transport access and the essential air service program in the United States

In the United States, the goal of essential air service (EAS) is to provide a minimum level of air transport service from smaller, often remote communities to the national network. While supporters of EAS tout the economic benefits of connecting rural and isolated communities, critics cite high costs, low use and antiquated eligibility requirements as factors which compromise the value of the program. In this paper, a comprehensive database of US airports is combined with network analysis techniques and a geographic information system to evaluate population access (at the census tract level) to EAS airports for 2006. Results suggest that redundant coverage of EAS market areas by alternative Federal Aviation Administration designated hub airports can contribute to EAS airport market leakage and that alternative definitions of EAS community eligibility have the potential to dramatically increase programmatic efficiency and reduce federal monies spent on EAS subsidies.     

Are freight pipelines a pipe dream? A critical review of the UK and European perspective

Freight pipelines represent a novel way for the movement of freight transport and offer an alternative to conventional transport modes. The aim of this paper is to examine the potential for this transport mode within the UK and Europe. Firstly, the latest technological developments are identified, building on the last major review by Howgego and Roe (1998). There is then an analysis of the policy landscape towards freight pipelines, as successful implementation will require the support of policy makers. Finally, some of the major benefits and issues with freight pipelines are highlighted. We conclude that there are still opportunities for the use of freight pipelines, but that further research is yet required to fully understand the supply chain, logistics and other related activities that the introduction of this technology may influence. This is because systems which are presently in commercial operation have exhibited excellent characteristics, although they have not been more widely adopted.     

铁路城际客运系统建设融资考察与建议

通过对法国、德国、日本高速铁路建设情况的考察,了解国外高速铁路建设的投融资经验、规律与趋势,分析高速铁路建设适用的金融产品,针对融资中的主要问题,借鉴国外企业的主要咨询意见,提出我国高速铁路投融资方案建议。     

Technologies of government in public sector's networks: In search of cooperation through management control innovations

In recent years, the public sector has been the subject of a thorough reassessment in a significant number of countries. During this process of modernization, issues such as inter-organizational collaboration and managerial innovation have been progressively placed at the forefront of practice and research. In particular, a number of countries have recently re-organized their public sectors around more or less formalized networks or hybrid inter-organizational forms, which are often led by a regulatory body and governed by a cooperation agreement. The literature on inter-organizational relationships in the public sector has evolved alongside the development of such cooperation agreements and innovative forms of organizing. Nevertheless, despite the fact that networks formed by public organizations, not-for-profit organizations, and private firms provide important services to their relevant communities, limited attention has been dedicated to studying the role of management control practices within inter-organizational relationships in public organizations. This is an important gap in the existing literature that this Special Issue intends to address. For this reason, and most importantly because public sector forms of inter-organizational collaborations are likely to differ significantly from those observed in the private sector, in the first part of this Editorial we draw attention to some of the themes that characterize the management and control of inter-organizational relations in the domain of public administration. Next, we introduce the six papers which comprise this Special Issue, and we briefly illustrate how each of them enhances our understanding of the role of control systems within public sector networks. Building on the empirical evidence and theoretical arguments offered by these studies, and after a brief review on the possible alternative ways of conceptualizing the process of adopting new management practices, we point to the further research that needs to be done if we are to understand the role that management control practices play in public sector networks. In particular, we suggest that there is a need to look inside management control practices, to explore what these practices are and, how and why they enable the cooperative “ideal” to become real, as well as to stimulate or hinder opportunities for public sector managerial innovation. It is concluded that there are a number of issues yet to be explored if we are to deepen our understanding of the formal and informal mechanisms of control which are the active elements of the so-called “regulatory hybrids” in the public sector.     

People consultation to construct the future: A Delphi application

This work presents the Delphi method, in its Policy Delphi variant, as an efficient mechanism for carrying out consultations regarding regulatory actions that affect professional bureaucracies, and also, in the last analysis, for forecasting and constructing their future. The Delphi application presented here incorporates some specific characteristics which are aimed at making the plurality of opinions in the organisation under analysis visible, facilitating reasoned debate, minimising the risk of manipulation by study leaders, and maximising the generalised acceptance of the results by the whole collective.This study was performed on the university community of the Basque Country, prior to the enactment of the Act which was to organise the Basque university system. Its results, which were accepted as being representative of the real dissensus existing in the community, constituted a valuable input for the final drawing up of the Act, and for its acceptance without conflict.This Delphi application cannot be classified within its traditional field of exploratory forecasting, but it can be situated within the normative sphere, geared towards the construction of a desired future.     

我国城市基础设施投资运营体制改革的理论

文章从我国城市基础设施的特点和实践需要出发,分析论述了我国城市基础设施投资运营体制改革的基本理论:现代经济学中公共物品理论、城市基础设施的项目区分理论、西方或世界银行的基础设施可销售性区分理论.     

利用PPP模式促进中原经济区建设

随着国务院《关于支持河南省加快建设中原经济区的指导意见》的出台,建设中原经济区正式上升为国家战略。实现中原经济区建设的战略目标,需要政府提供大量的公共产品和服务。本文在分析PPP模式为促进中原经济区建设提供资金保障、政策引导和增强市场活力的基础上,对利用PPP模式建设中原经济区的关键问题进行了阐述。