多目标应急物流运输问题优化研究

文中首先分析了应急物流的特点,然后以运输时间效益最大化为首要目标建立模型,运用二分法进行求解,以获得较高的计算效率。在此基础上以运输成本最小化为二级目标建立模型,将其转化成带有分层的网络流模型,用最小费用最大流算法进行求解。模型符合应急物流运输问题首先应满足时间最短其次考虑费用最低的特点,同时考虑了多种运输方式联合运输实际情况。因此文中对了解应急物流的特点和解决突发灾害疫情的运输问题具有实际意义。     

国际海上货物运输公约之诉讼制度比较研究

介绍了目前在国际货物运输领域存在的四个国际公约:海牙规则、维斯比规则、汉堡规则、鹿特丹规则。对四个公约中的诉讼制度进行了介绍和评析,最后介绍了我国的相关法律制度。     

五种运输方式货运周转量与国民经济关系研究

在对货运周转量的增长率、GDP增长率的分析基础上,选取了我国1953年至2007年的实际数据。为了探究五种运输方式与GDP间系统的关联,对6个变量建立向量自回归模型并进行协整检验;确定协整个数后建立误差修正模型并在此基础上进行了方差分解分析;全面、多层次地探究了6个变量间的长期均衡与短期波动关系。获知GDP及水路货运长期来看不会受到其它变量的显著影响,但GDP与铁路,公路对航空货运存在长期的协整关系。     

诚实信用原则在铁路货物保价运输中的适用

诚实信用原则为民法中的基本原则。保价运输是铁路货物运输中的一种特殊的运输方式。诚实信用原则在铁路货物保价运输中广泛适用。同时,实践中一些承运人和托运人存在着失信行为。因此,重塑铁路货物保价运输中的诚实信用原则成为了当务之急。     

Industrial Organization of Banking: A Review

Empirical research about structure, conduct and performance in banking markets has developed mostly independently from the microeconomic theory of banking. The present paper reviews the literature by focusing on the links between theoretical and empirical research. It considers basic conditions, variables of market structure, conduct and performance and public policy special to the banking industry. It is shown that the competitive conditions are different in different market segments, and that the trend towards universal banks which are active in different geographic markets gives new challenges to research.     

The Use and Abuse of Accounting in the Public Sector Financial Management Reform Program in Australia

Accrual accounting has been central to financial management reforms designed to promote greater efficiency, effectiveness and accountability in the Australian public sector. This is the setting for the article; however, the issues covered apply to all nations that have reformed their public sectors over recent years. The results of the reforms have been mixed. While accrual accounting has had some beneficial results for the above purposes, the benefits have been offset by aspects of accounting misuse resulting largely from adoption of the business model of accrual accounting, termination of the former cash accounting system, and adoption of some questionable marketization reforms which appear to be more driven by the objective of reducing the size of government rather than enhancing efficiency of operations. Because Treasury believed that the business model was not appropriate for budget fiscal policy purposes, it introduced a second combined accrual and cash accounting system—the Government Finance Statistics system. The use of two accrual accounting systems reporting different results caused much confusion in parliament.     

城市发展与城市交通效率的改进

解决城市交通问题,必须从城市结构、功能与交通的辩证关系中探寻优化的路径。通过城市集群发展,把人口分流到卫星城市,能有效地解决交通难问题;以公交为主的城市交通,能有效提高交通效率,降低交通成本,减少对环境的损害。     

Constituent Participation in the Australian Public Sector Accounting Standard-Setting Process: The Case of ED 55

The Australian public sector has recently undergone a period of intense reform including a comprehensive reform of financial reporting policies. A major aspect of this reform is the involvement of the Australian accounting profession in the formulation of financial reporting standards through the Public Sector Accounting Standards Board (PSASB). Despite this extensive change, scant research has examined constituent participation in the Australian public sector accounting standard-setting 'due process'. This paper considers the regulatory model adopted for accounting standard-setting in the public sector in Australia and identifies the implications of this model for constituent access to the 'due process'. In particular, the co-operation between the PSASB and the various regulatory bodies in each Australian jurisdiction suggests that these bodies may have more direct influence over the standard-setters than other constituents. The submissions made on ED 55 Financial Reporting by Government Departments are examined as a case study of the 'due process' as it operates in the public sector. Different constituent groups were found to respond in varying proportions, to hold conflicting positions on some issues contained in ED 55 and to use different strategies to present these positions. The research identifies a lack of input by the major group affected by the proposed standard, the account preparers (government departments). In addition, account preparers which did respond to ED 55 were found to use less sophisticated lobbying strategies than other respondents who weighted their responses by commenting on a greater number of issues and by supporting their position with conceptual arguments. These results support the contention that some constituents have favourable access to the 'due process' and that standard-setters may not have received all pertinent information from affected and/or knowledgeable constituents.     

Bargaining in distribution channels

This study empirically assesses the impact two fundamental dimensions of distribution channels have on channel member bargaining behavior, namely, (1) the expected duration of the channel bargaining relationship and (2) the channel member dependence on the bargaining. The following findings were observed from a laboratory study using 160 business students: low dependence produced fewer bargaining sessions ending in agreement compared to high dependence among buyer-seller dyads. Low dependence bargainers made more extreme initial offers, conceded less, and used the pronoun we less than did high dependence bargainers. The sellers emerged better off than the buyers from the negotiations. Sellers achieved this advantage by making more extreme initial offers than buyers, conceding more than buyers, but emerging with the better deal.     

Constructive Pressures And Incentives To Reform: Globalization and its impact on public sector performance and governance in developing countries

Contrary to widespread pessimism regarding the effects of globalization on nation states and the quality of governance in developing countries, this contribution stresses that several of its features can be made instrumental, and be beneficial, in terms of public policy making and state capability. Four ‘constructive pressures’ stemming from globalization could be seized constructively by citizens and governments in the developing world: First, better informed and better connected citizens, and an emerging global civil society, demand improvements in service delivery, transparency, and participation. Second, subnational governments, often backed by local NGOs and businesses, and keen to attract foreign investment, increasingly exert pressure vis-à-vis central governments. Third, global investment strategies by private businesses increase the demand for appropriate institutional arrangements within developing countries as well as credible government policies. Although with mixed results, forth, International Organizations, in particular IFIs, have been addressing public sector modernization in developing countries, also sponsoring global public policy networks in critical areas. Moreover, policy coordination and cooperation among states increases significantly, constraining arbitrary action by governments. Globalization, thus, advances the discussion about, and the demand for, new institutional arrangements, clearly with new opportunities for improvements in state capability and governance.