知识型创业中的复合创业行为：企业家精神的视角

在创业行为的各个部分都达到高效率是非常困难的,因此很多知识型创业企业在很早就失败了。知识型创业者不仅需要对高技术环境中的创新活动非常敏感,也需要创新型管理组织的新活动、市场营销以及商业模式等。这需要创业者在早期的复合创业行为的企业家精神为主要资源来应付新创企业可能的衰退。本文回顾了知识型创业的企业家精神,构建了知识型创业中的复合创业行为的企业家精神的特征与概念框架,并提出了未来知识型创业活动可能的潜在的相关研究领域。     

我国体育大学生创业教育存在的问题及策略研究

我国传统师范类体育专业大学生的培养目标是中小学校的体育教师,然而,随着大学的不断扩招和体育教师岗位的不断缩减,体育大学生的就业矛盾日渐凸显。但随着我国人民生活水平的不断提高,人们对高水平大众健身领域的渴求也越来越强烈,就业市场的变化对体育大学生传统的就业观念提出了新的要求和期望。大学生创业教育培养了顺应时代发展的创新人才,满足了不同人群对运动健康的需求,同时,体育专业大学生也找到了实现自我价值的领域。体育大学生创业教育在教学和实践中还存在各种不足和矛盾有待于进一步的改善,但创新创业型的体育人才必将通过大学生创新、创业教育的培养来实现。     

再议大学生创业风险意识的培养

创业风险是影响大学生创业成功的一个关键因素。因此,谈及大学生创业,就不能不关注大学生创业风险意识的培养。以大学生创业风险意识的界定为基础,阐述了大学生风险意识现状,提出了大学生创业意识的培养需要实践和课堂相结合的建议及对策。     

创业与失业:难民效应与企业家效应的实证检验

本文利用广东省21个地区1991-2007年面板数据,对自雇创业率与失业率的关系进行实证检验。结果表明,失业率变化对自雇创业率变化影响不显著,而自雇创业率变化对随后的失业率变化有显著的负向影响。这一结果支持了创业可降低失业的企业家效应假说,并不支持高失业率会影响自雇创业率的难民效应假说。上述发现从经验证据上支持了我国当前实施的"以创业带动就业"的扩大就业发展战略的合理性,并蕴含着一定的政策含义。     

Who leaves,where to,and why worry? employee mobility,entrepreneurship and effects on source firm performance

We theorize that the value provided by the firm's complementary assets has important implications for the exit decisions of employees and their subsequent effects on the firm's performance. Using linked employee‐employer data from the U.S. Census Bureau on legal services, we find that employees with higher earnings are less likely to leave relative to employees with lower earnings, but if they do, are more likely to create a new venture than join another firm. Employee entrepreneurship has a larger adverse impact on source firm performance than moves to established firms, even controlling for observable employee quality. Our findings suggest that in knowledge intensive settings, managers should focus on tailoring compensation packages to help minimize the adverse impact of employee entrepreneurship, particularly among high performing individuals. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The development of new products: The role of firm context and managerial cognition

We explore the effect of organizational factors and managerial cognition on firms' entrepreneurial actions and investigate the relationship between these antecedents by drawing from prior work on corporate entrepreneurship, managerial cognition, and the attention-based view of the firm. The analysis of data from 84 firms shows that firm strategy and resources influence the degree of negativity with which managers interpret events that lead to the development of new products. Our results also suggest that more negative evaluations of the triggering event lead to less innovative new products. While the strategy and the resources of a firm also have an effect on a new product's degree of innovativeness, at least part of this effect is mediated by executives' evaluation of the triggering event. The theoretical elaboration and our results contribute to a better understanding of the drivers of corporate entrepreneurial activities and point to the importance of considering both managerial and organizational factors for advancing our knowledge on firms' entrepreneurial actions.     

Organisational form and industry emergence: Nonprofit and mutual firms in the development of the US personal finance industry

Economic theories of commercial nonprofits and mutuals usually emphasise the advantages of such organisational forms in reducing agency and monitoring costs in markets that suffer from information asymmetries in exchanges between firms and their customers. This article examines the ability of such transaction cost theories to account for historical variations in the ownership and governance of firms in the US personal finance industry between the early nineteenth century and the Great Depression. It focuses, in particular, on mutual savings banks and their role in the development of the intermediated market for savings accounts. While I find some evidence in support of transaction cost theories of organisational form, I also find that entrepreneurial and socio-political factors played crucial roles in the choice of ownership and governance structures; mutual savings banks predominated in the early years of the industry because the form offered entrepreneurial advantages over investor-owned corporations and because in some states they benefitted from regulatory and political advantages that joint-stock companies lacked. Their relative decline by the early twentieth century was the result of increasing competition in the market for savings deposits, the loosening of regulatory barriers to entry, and changes in public policy that reduced the transaction, innovation and regulatory advantages that the mutual savings bank form had once held. The article draws out the theoretical implications for our understanding of the historical role of nonprofit and mutual firms.     

体验式创业教育对大学生就业的思考

创业教育是我国高等教育发展史上一种崭新的教育理念,是培养高校学生创新精神和创造能力的重要举措,是高校教育改革发展的必然要求。体验式创业教育也是一种新的人才培养方式,是推进大学生就业、素质教育和高校教育教学改革的一种新思路。     

社会支持视角下的返乡农民工创业

在国际金融风暴的影响下,农民工返乡创业成为一种新的趋势,农民工返乡创业在促进现代农业发展和新农村建设、推动城镇化进程等方面具有积极的现实意义,但同时也面临很多困难。通过分析返乡农民工创业的现状、经济政策以及自身等方面的社会支持情况,发现目前返乡农民工创业中这些方面的问题与不足,针对这些不足,从金融、税收优惠、培训,以及就业大环境等方面对建构返乡农民工创业的社会支持系统提出建议和对策,以更好地帮助返乡农民工创业,促进社会的和谐发展。     

Sustainable corporate entrepreneurship

Corporate entrepreneurship has, for a number of decades, been viewed as one approach for generating growth through new product, process, market, or strategy innovation. More recently, and largely in response to rising costs and stakeholder concerns, managers have begun to pay increasing attention to issues of sustainability and corporate social responsibility. This paper demonstrates how sustainability can be embedded into a corporate entrepreneurship framework. In addition, managers who embrace sustainability principles are providing a stimulus for corporate entrepreneurship that may result in the discovery or creation, assessment, and exploitation of entrepreneurial opportunities, an enhanced reputation, and, ultimately, a competitive advantage.