Effect of diversification on capital structure

Previous empirical financial studies have paid little attention to the role of diversification strategy on financial choices. This study analyses the financing strategies of multibusiness firms, suggesting the relevance of sorting the diversification phenomena into its related and unrelated components. The implications of our findings are important because they explain earlier contradictory results on capital‐structure determinants and offer an explanation of how the degree of product specialization/diversification and the direction of diversification (related or unrelated) translate into different corporate financial behaviours.     

我国地方政府信用评估研究

地方政府公信力是衡量政府信用状况和信用程度的重要概念。当前,我国地方政府公信力从总体上来说正在逐步提高,但也有部分地区呈现出弱化趋势。近年来,更是曝出了"华南虎事件"、"毒奶粉事件"等一大批丑闻。对地方政府信用进行评估,既是投资者进行投资决策分析的需要,也是对地区竞争力进行客观分析的需要,同时也是地方政府认识和改进自身信用状况的需要。本文在分析了我国地方政府公信力现状的基础上构建了地方政府公信力评估体系,并以河南省Z市为例,通过对地方政府公信力的评估,为提高我国地方政府公信力提出了相关建议。     

中国高额外汇储备的决定机制及可持续性研究

本文通过构建理论分析框架,分析外汇储备可持续性的决定机制和影响因素,选择我国相关数据和变量,建立了VAR模型并进行实证检验,刻画各因素与外汇储备之间的相关性,分解各因素对外汇储备规模的贡献度,从而识别决定外汇储备的短期和长期因素。研究表明出口导向机制、长期利益分享机制和短期套利机制是决定外汇储备规模的三大机制。在决定我国高额外汇储备持续性的因素中,出口是直接的、短期的因素,外商直接投资和人民币汇率是长期的决定因素,而人民币利率既是长期因素又是短期因素。外汇储备规模短期内仍将保持较高的水平,但从长期看,随着我国经济增长方式的转变和套利空间的缩小,经常项目和资本金融项目的双顺差会减少,相应的外汇储备也会下降。因此,在当前的外汇储备管理中,应稳定外汇储备的来源和质量,实现保值增值目标,并充分发挥其维护金融安全的作用。     

慈善组织监管与慈善组织公信力重塑路径研究综述

公信力是慈善组织的灵魂,但当前国内慈善组织的丑闻事件层出,不仅沉重打击了慈善组织在公众心中的神圣形象,而且在一定程度上严重影响了慈善组织的长远发展。因此,对慈善组织的公信力流失问题进行研究,具有重要的理论和实践意义。综合国内外学者的观点,其研究的重点集中在慈善组织公信力的内涵、公信力流失的原因、公信力评估及公信力的重塑路径4个方面。这些研究为我们反思慈善组织公信力流失现象以及加强监管、重塑慈善组织的公众形象提供了很好的学术基础。     

Inflation targeting credibility and sovereign risk: evidence from Colombia

This article relates to the literature on sovereign risk in developing countries. In particular, we present empirical evidence to address the effect of inflation targeting credibility on sovereign risk based on the Colombian experience. The findings denote that credibility is an important improvement in the institutional framework to reduce the sovereign risk premium.     

Celebrity endorsements: Investigating the interactive effects of internalization,identification and product type on consumers’ attitudes and intentions

In line with Kang and Herr's work (2006), this research questions the ELM's contention that celebrity credibility serves foremost as a peripheral element in a persuasive communication context. Nevertheless, in a different light to the Kang and Herr's ‘either-central-or-peripheral-role’ of a source characteristic, this research advances that celebrity credibility plays concomitantly central and peripheral roles in a persuasive message context depending on product involvement and brand-purchase motive. Particularly, this research uses the notions of ‘source internalization’ and ‘source identification’ (Kelman, 1961) to theorize that source credibility can have a concomitant dual role (peripheral and central) in a persuasion context. More precisely, this research investigates the interactive effects of source identification and internalization with product involvement as well as brand-purchase motives on consumers' attitudes and intentions. Source internalization is predicted to have persuasive effects in the contexts of high-involvement as well as informational products. Source identification is predicted to have persuasive effects in the context of low-involvement as well as transformational products. The findings of two experiments show that celebrity credibility acts through only a single route (i.e., only internalization has persuasive effects) uniformly across different product involvement levels and brand-purchase motive types. We interpret these results with the lens of the ‘match-up’ hypothesis (Kamins, 1990).     

Why,did I lose? Debriefing quality and its effects on justice,protests, and sales loss attributions

When suppliers lose in a competitive tender process, they need feedback to make accurate sales loss attributions and adjustments to their competitive strategy. Unfortunately, buyers seldomly provide sufficient feedback to enable diagnostics, learning, and adaptation. The purpose of this research is to explore a buyer's debriefing as an effective feedback mechanism. Based on data from a sample of 218 U.S. government source selections, a new construct, debriefing quality, is developed as a multi-dimensional construct comprised of: proposal efficacy information, procedural compliance and decision understanding information, and competitive intelligence information. Results show that debriefing quality enhances procedural justice and internal and external attributions and reduces supplier opportunism and perceptions of buyer opportunism. Further, the underlying procedural justice of the source selection deters bid protests, and debriefing quality can impact perceptions of procedural justice. Importantly, debriefing quality is essential in the assignment of loss attributions to strategy, thus affecting strategy change. These findings expand attribution theory by identifying new external attributions particular to a business-to-business context, namely suspicion of buyer opportunism and procedural justice. The study closes with specific information buyers can provide to suppliers to mitigate bid protests and help suppliers learn from the tender enabling future strategy improvements.     

浅谈会计诚信危机与对策

要想从根本上彻底地杜绝会计信息的虚假问题,就应从最基层的会计人员缺乏诚信的问题着手,加强会计诚信的宣传教育、提高诚信意识,完善相关机制、加强内部控制,逐步形成良好的诚信环境,进而化解会计行业的诚信危机,挽救会计行业的公信力。     

The effects of learning and signaling on money demand: With an application to heterodox inflation stabilization programs

This paper develops a nonlinear vector autoregression of inflation and money growth subject to changes in regime. The regimes are fully characterized by the mean and variance of inflation and are conjectured to be the result of alternative government policies. Agents are unable to observe directly whether government actions are indeed consistent with the inflation rate targeted as part of a stabilization program. However, as part of their money demand decision, agents construct probability inferences regarding the regime. Government announcements are assumed to provide agents with additional, possibly truthful information regarding the regime.  This specification is estimated using data from the Israeli and Argentine high-inflation periods. Results indicate that the successful stabilization program implemented in Israel in July 1985 was more credible than either the earlier Israeli attempt in November 1984 or the Argentine programs. Government's signaling might simplify the agents' inference problem and increase the speed of their learning but, under certain conditions, it might also increase inflation volatility. Welfare gains from a temporary increase in real balances might be high enough to induce agents to raise their money demand in the short-term even if they are uncertain about the nature of government policy and the eventual outcome of the stabilization attempt. Statistically, the model restrictions cannot be rejected at the 1% significance level. First version received: August 1998/Final version received: January 1999     

改革开放以来我国外商直接投资的发展历程及现状特征分析

文章从总量特征、来源地特征、区位分布特征和产业流向特征等四个角度对我国外商直接投资(FDI)的发展历程及现状特征进行分析。研究结果发现:FDI在数量和规模上仍保持增长趋势,但整体上增长速度放缓;日本、新加坡、韩国、欧洲、美国及香港和台湾地区是我国大陆主要的FDI来源地,其中,香港一直是我国大陆最主要的外资来源地;我国FDI的区位分布不均衡,在区位格局上呈现显著的东中西梯度结构特征;从FDI的产业分布来看,尽管近几年流入工业行业的FDI比重呈下降趋势,但工业行业尤其是制造业仍是FDI的主要领域。