关于高原水电站更新改造的投资体系思考

高原水电站不同于其他的水电站,由于其地理位置特殊,水电站的重要性毋庸置疑,所以,对于高原水电站的更新改造工程至关重要。本文对高原水电站更新改造投资体系进行了思考。     

对行政事业单位内部审计工作的思考

行政事业单位是我国行政管理体系中的特有主体,绝大部分行政事业单位都具有政府部门授予的行政管理职能。行政事业单位的内部审计在加强内部管理、强化遵纪守法、提高社会效益以及树立政府在公众心目中的威信有着不可或缺的作用,如何审视行政事业单位内部审计工作,已经成为行政事业单位审计工作者必须思考的重要问题。     

思维模式与大学英语写作

由于历史和社会发展的不同,中西思维存在着明显的差异,这种差异直接影响到跨文化写作的过程。该文拟从思维的角度探讨思维的差异对大学英语写作的影响,认为在学生写作的过程中,思维差异不仅影响着学生的语言表达,而且对语言的连贯性、逻辑性都有着一定的制约。     

西汉前期的农本思想与农税政策分析

在中国古代史上,西汉前期的农本思想与农税政策所表现出的思想深度及其取得的重大成效在中国历史上影响深远,值得重视和深入分析。这一思想与政策,强化了举国上下的重农意识,充分发挥了财税杠杆对农业的激励作用,调动了农民的生产积极性,极大地促进了农业的恢复与发展,从而开创了中国古代史上著名的"文景之治",成为后来治国的范例。     

转变思维方式 推动改革开放

以转变思维方式来推动改革开放的发展,是我国改革开放30年形成的一条重要经验。在改革开放的30年里．我们党根据实践发展的需要,不断转变思维方式,正确处理了经济社会发展中的一系列重大关系,取得了改革开放的伟大成就。在新的历史起点上,我们党按照科学的思维方式继续深化改革开放,必将取得发展中国特色社会主义事业的更大胜利。     

Statistical Thinking in Empirical Enquiry

This paper discusses the thought processes involved in statistical problem solving in the broad sense from problem formulation to conclusions. It draws on the literature and in-depth interviews with statistics students and practising statisticians aimed at uncovering their statistical reasoning processes. From these interviews, a four-dimensional framework has been identified for statistical thinking in empirical enquiry. It includes an investigative cycle, an interrogative cycle, types of thinking and dispositions. We have begun to characterise these processes through models that can be used as a basis for thinking tools or frameworks for the enhancement of problem-solving. Tools of this form would complement the mathematical models used in analysis and address areas of the process of statistical investigation that the mathematical models do not, particularly areas requiring the synthesis of problem-contextual and statistical understanding. The central element of published definitions of statistical thinking is "variation". We further discuss the role of variation in the statistical conception of real-world problems, including the search for causes.     

Uncertainty perception in bidding for Product-Service Systems under competition

This research investigates what impact of uncertainty perception arising from the existence of competition has on the pricing decision for Product-Service Systems (PSS) under uncertainty. PSS provision is an increasingly important area for many businesses and competition increases cognitive pressures on providers even further. We present an experimental study with industrial costing and bidding experts from the defence and aerospace sector. The study consisted of an experimental set-up via two questionnaires which differed in the existence of competition in the bidding scenario. The findings showed that bidding decision makers changed their evaluation of the cost estimate due to the introduction of competition but kept their evaluations of the profit margin and price bids constant. Furthermore, the participants listed the relevant sources of uncertainty that influenced their decision-making process. This research contributes to the literature in two ways. First, our findings showed that predictions from current theory regarding decision-making of cost estimation and pricing are not confirmed when competitively bidding for PSS. Second, we show uncertainty sources that influenced the decision makers and identified p the importance of internal processes of the PSS provider and environmental uncertainty.     

A new professionalism for agricultural research for development

There have been repeated calls for a ‘new professionalism’ for carrying out agricultural research for development since the 1990s. At the centre of these calls is a recognition that for agricultural research to support the capacities required to face global patterns of change and their implications on rural livelihoods, requires a more systemic, learning focused and reflexive practice that bridges epistemologies and methodologies. In this paper, we share learning from efforts to mainstream such an approach through a large, multi-partner CGIAR research program working in aquatic agricultural systems. We reflect on four years of implementing research in development (RinD), the program’s approach to the new professionalism. We highlight successes and challenges and describe the key characteristics that define the approach. We conclude it is possible to build a program on a broader approach that embraces multidisciplinarity and engages with stakeholders in social-ecological systems. Our experience also suggests caution is required to ensure there is the time, space and appropriate evaluation methodologies in place to appreciate outcomes different to those to which conventional agricultural research aspires.     

中国共产党两次历史性飞跃的哲学思考

本文运用马克思主义哲学的基本原理分析了中国共产党80年来的历程,总结出两次历史性飞跃实现条件的共性;要善于总结历史经验,要坚持深入持久的思想解放,要有符合中国国情的政治路张,要有反马列主义和中国实际相结合的理论创新等,在此基础上展望中国建设社会主义现代化强国的前景,从中得到以下重要启迪。     

长三角区域经济一体化的基本态势与战略思考——基于宁波市532家企业的问卷调查与分析

推动长三角区域经济一体化的主导力量是市场,主体是企业。文章在对532家企业问卷调查与访谈的基础上,从实证上得到长三角区域经济一体化的基本态势与特征。结合存在的体制与利益上的阻碍,认为在战略上要把握住四个方面:即制度的协调与利益平衡、产业的分工与协作、科技要素的流动以及区域法制规则建设。