Developing creativity in tourist experiences: A solution to the serial reproduction of culture?

As culture is increasingly utilised as a means of social and economic development, the cultural tourism market is being flooded with new attractions, cultural routes and heritage centres. However, many consumers, tired of encountering the serial reproduction of culture in different destinations are searching for alternatives. The rise of skilled consumption, the importance of identity formation and the acquisition of cultural capital in (post)modern society point towards the use of creativity as an alternative to conventional cultural tourism. This paper considers the development of creative spaces, creative spectacles and creative tourism from the perspective of supply and demand. The need for creativity in developing new products and how to address the challenge of serial reproduction are discussed, and examples of creative tourism projects are examined and contrasted to traditional models of cultural tourism.     

中国出境旅游热的冷静思考--关于中国出境旅游发展政策的辨析

近年来,中国出境旅游发展迅速,其影响受到多方面的重视,如何认识和调整我国出境旅游发展的政策引起了广泛的关注.对此,目前学术界在这个问题上存在一些不同的观点.本文试图从基本概念、统计数据、计算的方法等几个关于制定我国出境旅游政策相关的基础依据进行分析,从而提出制定出境旅游政策和战略的思路.     

SARS后关于中国旅游发展的冷静思考

SARS作为一种突发性自然灾害,对中国旅游业产生了重大的影响,认真而冷静地思考这一影响及其给我们的启示是非常必要的.SARS疫情发生之后,人们更加关注旅游业,因为中国的旅游业已经成为重要的产业,旅游活动与百姓生活休戚相关.在旅游业的发展过程中,不能试图回避危机,要准备与危机长期"共舞".SARS过后的旅游业不应当是简单的数量上的恢复,要提倡发展"洁净旅游",追求质量的提升.从中国目前实际出发,要适当调整出境旅游发展的政策.     

Informing tourism policy with statistical data: the case of the Icelandic Tourism Satellite Account†

The Tourism Satellite Account (TSA) is a popular internationally recognized method for measuring tourism's contribution to the economy. The credibility and visibility of tourism as a distinct economic activity are, therefore, based on TSA data which have the power to show its macroeconomic importance. According to the most recent World Tourism Organization study, 60 countries around the world implemented TSA in one way or another in 2010. However, in the same year, a research carried out by the Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development revealed that the usage of TSA for tourism policies is rather limited due to specific issues, such as the lack of knowledge about TSA, inadequate international comparability, and timeliness. This paper illustrates several possibilities of using enhanced TSA estimates in the Icelandic context for informing tourism policies. Specific examples are presented of developing data on tourism-related investment (Tourism Gross Fixed Capital Formation) and governmental consumption for selected collective services related to tourism (Tourism Collective Consumption). These improve the usefulness of the TSA as a statistical instrument for sound tourism policies.     

Valletta ECoC 2018 and cultural tourism development

Valletta, European Capital of Culture 2018 offers the prospect of cultural tourism development and attracting more visitors. However, tensions and opportunity costs potentially arise in planning such change. Strategies could be to intensify or diversify Valletta’s cultural tourism during the run-up to 2018; however, their appropriateness could differ in terms of competitive advantage, social inclusivity and sustainability. This paper focuses on the rationales for different approaches to tourism product development, adopting a broad relational perspective on product assembly that directs attention to the relationships, processes and contexts involved. Analysis suggests that innovative, experimental combinations of selected forms of intensification and diversification are needed to avoid locally insensitive cultural change and unsustainable tourism development.     

国外旅游环境保护的经验及对海南建设国际旅游岛的启示

旅游业的发展与旅游保护相辅相成,海南要建设国际旅游岛,实现旅游业全面与国际接轨的目标,必须重视旅游环境的保护,本文在借鉴国外旅游环境保护经验的基础上,结合海南实际,从分析海南旅游业发展的现状、借鉴国外旅游环境保护的经验等方面提出保护海南旅游环境的对策建议。     

高速铁路网络建设对长江中游城市群旅游效率的影响研究

作为一种新型绿色交通运输方式,高速铁路在推动旅游业实现高质量发展中发挥着重要支撑和保障作用,区域旅游业基于快捷高效的高速铁路网得以快速发展。以长江中游城市群28个地级以上城市为例,通过构建双重差分模型,实证检验长江中游城市群高速铁路网络建设是否显著提高了沿线城市旅游效率。借助引力模型定量分析高速铁路网络建设对沿线城市旅游效率的影响程度。研究表明高速铁路网络建设对提高沿线城市旅游效率的影响作用随时间变化呈逐步增强趋势。高速铁路网络建设引起沿线城市对外经济联系强度每提高1%时,沿线城市旅游效率约提高0.07%~0.16%。     

中国区域旅游发展差异影响因素研究--来自1990～2003年的经验数据检验

文章采用系统的数据和计量模型方法,探讨了20世纪90年代以来中国区域旅游业发展差异及其变迁,并对这种差异进行了地区分解,结果表明东部地区内部的省际差异及东中西三大地区之间的区间差异是造成我国旅游业发展区域差异的主要原因。以世界遗产、旅游区(点)以及国家历史文化名城为基本指标,文章综合评价了我国旅游资源禀赋的区域差异,发现其与区域旅游业发展差异之间存在一定的相关性。以此为基础,文章还实证分析了区域旅游资源对旅游业发展差异的影响,结论为旅游资源只是影响我国区域旅游业发展差异的因素之一,区域基础设施、服务设施以及经济发展水平等因素也是区域旅游业发展差异的主要影响因素。     

Impact of decomposition on time series bagging forecasting performance

Time series bagging has been deemed an effective way to improve unstable modelling procedures and subsequent forecasting accuracy. However, the literature has paid little attention to decomposition in time series bagging. This study investigates the impacts of various decomposition methods on bagging forecasting performance. Eight popular decomposition approaches are incorporated into the time series bagging procedure to improve unstable modelling procedures, and the resulting bagging methods' forecasting performance is evaluated. Using the world's top 20 inbound destinations as an empirical case, this study generates one-to eight-step-ahead tourism forecasts and compares them against benchmarks, including non-bagged and seasonal naïve models. For short-term forecasts, bagging constructed via seasonal extraction in autoregressive integrated moving average time series decomposition outperforms other methods. An autocorrelation test shows that efficient decomposition reduces variance in bagging forecasts.     

Service robots and perceived discrimination in tourism and hospitality

This study explores the influences of the incorporation of service robots in the service delivery systems of tourism and hospitality companies on the perceived discrimination of tourists and tourism employees. In doing so, a conceptual framework is proposed to explain the relationships between robots-based service delivery systems in tourism and hospitality (e.g., fully robotised and mixed service delivery systems) and discrimination. This paper demonstrates that although service robots may be advantageous in eliminating/mitigating perceived discrimination (from employees to tourists, tourists to tourists, tourists to employees, employer/employee to employee), using robots can also create or aggravate perceived discrimination. Though this study is the first attempt on the subject and presents beneficial knowledge for tourism and hospitality service providers and service robot designers, future empirical studies could shed more light on the relationship between robots-based service delivery systems and discrimination in the tourism and hospitality context.