Tourists and community development: corporate social responsibility or tourist social responsibility?

Abstract

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities are usually determined, in large part, by head office and by shareholder interests. This article explores the unique case of tourism CSR which has a distinctive relationship with local communities. CSR programmes of hotels and resorts in the Global South are increasingly creating opportunities for tourists to engage directly with communities, yet the relationship between tourists and CSR – and how this impacts on community development outcomes – has so far been overlooked. Based on two separate research projects undertaken in Zambia and Fiji which examined hotel CSR from community perspectives, we show how these programmes were largely motivated, driven and financed by tourists. This suggests that, in the accommodation subsector of tourism, CSR is not only being shaped by head office, but that tourists can play a key role, leading us to coin the term TSR (tourist social responsibility). For community development initiatives in particular, this gives rise to both challenges and opportunities.     

Organizational Climate of Food and Beverage Employees

Abstract

Seven dimensions of organizational climate and measures of perceived customer satisfaction were gathered from food and beverage employees of 14 hotels. Regression analysis revealed organizational climate to explain 26.9% of the variance in customer satisfaction with food and beverage and only two organizational climate dimensions, professional and organizational esprit, and conflict and ambiguity, displaying a unique relationship to customer satisfaction with food and beverage. Customer satisfaction with food and beverage was found to explain 18.45% of the variation in RevPAR among the hotels. Recommendations are made as to which dimensions of organizational climate should be targeted for intervention programs attempting to increase hotel financial performance.     

Time-space convergence and urban decentralisation

The phenomenon of time-space convergence (or compression) has been considered to be associated with the technological advances that have shortened our travel time. Advances in transport technology have gradually diminished travel times, and this process has been discussed in the context of international- or national-level transport changes. This paper investigates the changing relationship between space and time at the urban level. The changing relationship between commuting time and distance in the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA) is empirically analysed by using the 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2005 two-percent sample data of the Korean Census of Population and Housing. The study results empirically demonstrate the close relationship between the urban decentralisation process and the time-space convergence phenomenon. The key findings of this research are that commuting time per distance unit in the SMA shortened over the 15 years of the study period, and this improvement was greater for longer journeys than for shorter trips. The empirical evidence of this research shows that workers have migrated to faster commuting modes such as car and subway and away from slower modes such as buses, so that commuting time has decreased or remained constant even as commuting distance in the SMA has increased.     

我国地方政府预算研究述评

地方政府预算是我国预算管理体制中一个重要的内容。新形势下构建和谐社会离不开地方政府的积极行动,同时地方政府预算关系到许多方面的利害得失。全面认识我国地方政府预算的现状和可能的改革思路是必要的。基于此本文从地方政府预算的存在原因等五个方面回顾了学者们对地方政府预算的研究,为进一步研究和实践地方政府预算提供一个研究基础。     

电网公司现金流量预算管理初探

现金流量预算在业务管理过程中发挥着资金配置的基础作用。从电网公司资金管理和现金流量预算管理的实际情况出发，对电网企业正在推行的现金流量预算管理的相关概念、目标和作用进行了探讨，总结了推行过程中遇到的典型问题，并提出了解决问题的相关措施与建议。     

我国高星级酒店定制营销流程设计与分析

酒店经营成功与否,很大程度上依赖于营销环节。定制营销理念的引入为高星级酒店经营开拓了新的发展思路。分析了高星级酒店实现定制营销的条件,为高星级酒店设计了完整的定制营销业务流程和销售业务流程,帮助高星级酒店解决如何实施定制营销的难点问题。     

试论坚持和完善国有资本经营预算制度的相对独立性——基于政策文件的解读与思考

本文基于《国务院关于试行国有资本经营预算的意见》等文件,对国有资本经营预算制度的相对独立性进行解读,分析其在政策目标、收入管理、支出管理和工作机制等方面与公共预算的区别,并提出正确认识国有资本经营预算相对独立性需要厘清的几个观念,即"有限政府"不等于"有限国企"、国有经济不等于低效经济、预算支持不等于扭曲竞争、注重效率不等于忽视公平;文章最后提出坚持和完善制度相对独立性需要进一步完善相对独立的政策目标体系、预算收支科目体系、预算支出项目管理模式等。