What role for cooperation in conservation tenders? Paying farmer groups in the High Andes

This paper sheds light on the potential of group-level tenders to enhance conservation where it depends on cooperation of small-scale farmers. We analyze data from two pilot payment for ecosystem service (PES) schemes focused on the conservation of agricultural biodiversity in the Bolivian and Peruvian Andes. Contracts were assigned to farming groups who could choose between different types of in-kind payments with varying degrees of divisibility between group members. Our main results indicate that: (1) stronger general patterns of collective action are positively related to the level of cooperation in group-bid making; (2) where collective action is robust, collective payments seem to provide stronger conservation incentives than individual payments; (3) collective payments could mitigate some potential rent-seeking behavior; (4) selecting bid offers based on both a ‘cooperation’ criterion and conservation land area offered does not overly compromise the cost-effectiveness of PES; and (5) group-level contracts may create strong incentives for contract compliance. Hence, combining farmer group-level contracts with collective in-kind payments can enhance the cost-effectiveness of conservation tenders, while generating co-benefits in terms of increased interaction and social capital among group members.     

失地农民补偿问题的深层分析

伴随着城市化和工业化的不断推进,失地农民数目越来越多,催生了一系列社会问题。针对失地农民问题,学术界展开了丰富的讨论,但目前的讨论还更多的停留在潜层次的经验介绍上,政府出台的众多的政策、措施,也没有从根本上解决这些问题。本文试图从土地制度、权力的市场化和集体行动逻辑等三个方面深入分析这一问题的内在逻辑,以期能够为此问题的解决梳理出一条明晰的线索。     

The Chinese civil action sues present situation and solution

This paper is analysising the present of the Chinese civil action sue mainly and finding the specific method. Establishes the litigant principle the lawsuit pattern; Strengthens the related legislation and introducing legal precedent properly; Standard legal procedure. The fact evidents that the better we solve these problems the closer we go to the harmonious society for the problem which the Chinese civil action sues faced.     

补贴概念与效果

补贴是一个相当复杂的议题,其复杂性不仅表现在概念上,也表现在它可能产生的效果上。补贴可能增加也可能降低其受体的利润水平;可能对国际贸易产生扭曲效果,其影响也可能仅限于国内;可能有助于政府实现其意欲达成的目标,也可能背离其初衷;可能增加或降低政府收益,也可能无影响。把补贴宽泛地界定为有可能在短期、中期或长期对其受体的利润水平产生影响的政府作为(或不作为),有助于使决策者把关注重点转向补贴效果,从而有利于其做出应否维持、增加、减少或消除特定补贴的判断。     

试论电子商务对组织设计的影响

企业心智模式是企业在生产经营活动中形成的思维方式或思维惯性 ,它像一只“无形的手”影响着企业商机的捕捉和对战略构想的决策 ,影响着管理行为的选择及其对学习的阻碍。 2 1世纪企业面对的将是与工业经济时代不同的知识经济时代 ,这就迫切要求企业改善工业经济时代积累的心     

Let chaos reign,then rein in chaos—repeatedly: managing strategic dynamics for corporate longevity

Combining longitudinal field research and executive experience, we propose that corporate longevity depends on matching cycles of autonomous and induced strategy processes to different forms of strategic dynamics, and that the role of alert strategic leadership is to appropriately balance the induced and autonomous processes throughout these cycles. We also propose that such strategic leadership is the means through which leadership style exerts its influence on corporate longevity. Our findings can be related to organizational research on structural inertia, learning and adaptation, as well as to formal theories of complex adaptive systems. They also contribute to resolving the seeming contradiction between a study of corporations that attributes exceptional long‐term success to leadership style, and the more common proposition that strategy is the determinant of long‐term performance. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

非营利组织推动企业履行社会责任的作用机制研究

非营利组织与企业在社会责任建设领域存在一定的契合性，由于其战略目标和宗旨存在一致性和互补性，所以两者可以达成合作的目标。非营利组织可以成为企业履行社会责任的代理、监督、标准制定、环境创造等机构，其推动企业履行社会责任的作用机制呈现出一种金字塔式的结构特点。     

模块课题教学法在实习教学中的应用研究

教学中改变了传统教学方法中教师为主体的局面,学生按照课题任务的要求划分成若干个课题小组,通过小组的分工协作,独立制定计划并实施,完成课题任务,使学生由被动学习转为主动探究式学习。     

会计信息真实性的法律保证

会计信息是经济信息中的重要组成部分，它的真实性决定着宏观和微观经济决策的正确性和准确性，直接影响到国家的经济发展和在国际经济交往中的形象。但长期以来，一些地方政府和企业的领导受利益驱动，提供虚假会计信息，导致会计造假现象十分严重。假数字、假报表充斥着我们经济生活的方方面面，会计打假势在必行。新《会计法》的颁布实施为规范会计行为，净化经济环境，保证会计信息的真实性提供了有力的法律保证。     

Accounting service-learning experiences and the IRS volunteer income tax assistance programme: a teaching note

This paper discusses two service-learning experiences in academic accounting programmes in the USA. The Campus Compact (2000) and professional accounting organizations have called for experiences that bridge the gap between academic preparation, the professional workplace and volunteerism. In addition, employers are increasingly placing importance on experience for entry-level positions. After reviewing the service-learning literature in general as well as the sparse literature in accounting education service-learning, this paper compares the experiences of two US universities' service-learning opportunities utilizing Volunteer Income Tax Assistance (VITA) programmes. Positive outcomes are discussed along with some of the pitfalls and concerns educators have concerning service-learning.