A Comparison of Wage Determination in New South Wales and Queensland (Australian) Clubs

ABSTRACT

Australia's industrial relations framework has undergone substantial change since the 1990s. This has involved federal and state governments attempting to replace the centralised system, based on awards, to a decentralised system based on formalised enterprise and individual bargaining. The move to a decentralised system will supposedly, according to critics of the centralised system, provide significant improvements in flexibility, especially for the hospitality industry. This article examines the results from two studies of registered clubs, one undertakenin New South Wales (NSW)in 1996 and the other in Queensland in 2003, to examine the impact of regulatory changes on wage determination and associated variables in the sector. The findings indicate that despite the rhetoric of proponents of decentralisation, very few clubs have moved from the centralised system to the decentralised one. However, within the centralised system, clubs have undertaken a high level of informal bargaining, both in 1996 and 2003. Despite the level of informal bargaining club managers felt relatively restricted by awards and trade unions.     

皖江城市健身俱乐部指导员现状的调查

皖江城市健身俱乐部指导员队伍存在业务水平有限、报酬低、流动性大等问题,应采取完善管理机构,优化俱乐部健身环境,提高指导员的待遇等措施,促进健身俱乐部的健康发展。     

安徽省城市经营性健身俱乐部现状调查与分析

安徽省城市经营性健身俱乐部存在经营人才缺乏、营销手段落后等问题。加快健身俱乐部的发展,应拓展健身市场,改善硬件设施,加强健身指导员队伍建设,建立科学的指导服务体系,引导消费观念。     

Non-preferential trading clubs

This paper examines the welfare implications of non-discriminatory tariff reforms by a subset of countries, which we term a non-preferential trading club. We show that there exist coordinated tariff reforms, accompanied by appropriate income transfers between the member countries, that unambiguously increase the welfare of these countries while leaving the welfare of non-members unaltered. In terms of economic policy implications, our results show that there exist regional, MFN-consistent arrangements that lead to Pareto improvements in world welfare.     

Credits and non-interest rate determinants of loan demand: a Spanish case study

This article uses bivariate probit analysis to model the potential relationship between the condition of being credit-unconstrained and holding loans as well as to ascertain determinants of a household being credit-unconstrained and likely holding consumer and real-estate loans. It documents that family size, education, permanent and transitory incomes, among others, affect Spanish households’ desire and capacity to hold loans. Furthermore, these factors were found to affect demands for real-estate and consumer loans differently. In general, the above and other results from this research provide insights that would interest credit consumers, credit suppliers, and policy makers in Spain.     

Geography and Poverty Traps

We test the view that the large differences in income levels we see across the world are due to differences in the intrinsic geography of each country against the alternative view that there are poverty traps. We reject simple geographic determinism in favor of a poverty trap model with high- and low-level equilibria. The high-level equilibrium state is found to be the same for all countries while income in the low-level equilibrium, and the probability of being in the high-level equilibrium, are greater in cool, coastal countries with high, year-round, rainfall.     

西安市雁塔区健身俱乐部发展现状及建设研究

论文在西安市雁塔区选取7家健身俱乐部中的投资人、工作人员、健身教练以及消费者作为本次调查研究的目标。论文首先列举出在本次调查研究中使用的方法,例如,问卷调查、综合归纳、实地调查、数据统计等;其次对于调查结果进行逐一分析研究,并得出关于健身消费者以及健身俱乐部营运者的结论;最后基于健身俱乐部的发展现状提出一些具有建设性的建议。     

Consumption externalities, rental markets and purchase clubs

Summary. A premise of general equilibrium theory is that private goods are rival. Nevertheless, many private goods are shared, e.g., through borrowing, through co-ownership, or simply because one persons consumption affects another persons wellbeing. I analyze consumption externalities from the perspective of club theory, and argue that, provided consumption externalities are limited in scope, they can be internalized through membership fees to groups. Two important applications are to rental markets and purchase clubs, in which members share the goods that they have individually purchased.Received: 2 June 2003, Revised: 8 March 2004, JEL Classification Numbers: D11, D62.This paper was supported by the U.C., Berkeley Committee on Research, and the Institute of Economics, University of Copenhagen. I am grateful to Birgit Grodal for her collaboration on the theory that underlies this paper, and for her helpful and motivating comments about these particular extensions. I also thank Hal Varian, Doug Lichtman, Steve Goldman, Karl Vind, anonymous referees, and members of the Berkeley Microeconomics Seminar for discussion.     

浅谈民办高校体育社团在构建和谐校园中的作用

文章运用文献资料法、访谈法、问卷调查法对民办高校体育社团的发展现状、存在问题,及其在构建和谐校园中的作用进行了分析研究。结果发现,多数高校体育社团活动丰富多彩,有声有色,但存在组织管理不完善,资金、场地设施不足,社团成员发展不均衡、流失率较高,指导教师缺乏经验等问题,应尽快改善现有状况,完善体育社团发展,更好发挥在构建和谐校园中的作用。     

考虑俱乐部异质性的制造业技术效率——基于潜类别随机前沿模型的研究

本文利用中国2001～2007年28个制造业的面板数据,以各制造业的R＆D作为类别的条件变量,通过建立潜类别随机前沿模型,考虑了俱乐部的异质性,从而分析我国制造业技术效率。结果表明,制造业存在两个异质性的俱乐部,它们使用不同的技术前沿,生产函数存在巨大差异;R＆D越高的行业,处于俱乐部A的概率也越高,资本产出弹性和劳动力产出弹性不同是制造业分成两个俱乐部的主要原因。