环渤海地区主要港口经济效率研究

沿海港口是支撑海洋经济发展的重要基础,港口运输经济具有成本低、污染小、可持续性强等优势,但也存在投入拥挤、产出不足、规模与投入产出不匹配等低效率现象。提高效率成为港口经济升级发展的必然选择。为此,文章基于三阶段DEA模型,测算环渤海地区主要港口的综合技术效率、纯技术效率和规模效率,实证分析港口综合效率的受制环境变量和随机因素,并给出了如何提高港口经济效率的对策建议。     

依托开发区促进环渤海区域经济发展

通过分析渤海沿海的开发区与区域发展间的关系,研究如何依托沿海开发区推动环渤海地区经济发展。(1)渤海沿海开发区已成为我国开发区发展的龙头;(2)利用沿海开发区邻域科教资源,促进产学研结合、产业转型升级,是提升渤海沿海地区产业创新能力、推动环渤海区域发展的有效途径;(3)实施"一区多园、区园联动"战略,促进开发区优势互补、产业优势叠加,是渤海沿海地区产业聚集、带动环渤海经济发展的占优策略。     

山东沿海县域经济发展水平综合评价分析

通过构建山东沿海县域经济发展评价指标体系,依据2011年的统计数据,运用主成分分析法,对山东20个沿海县市经济发展水平进行定量分析、排序和分类,并提出促进山东沿海县域经济协调发展的政策建议。     

中国沿海地区海岸带可持续发展的现状分析

本文简要概括了中国沿海区域范围内海岸带生态系统和沿海资源管理方法的现状。为今后海岸带可持续发展管理项目的实施提供一定的参考。全文由两大部分组成：第一部分是对海岸带的生态健康状况，人类发展、活动所带来的环境威胁以及其背后的驱动因素的描述。第二部分主要是分析问题后所提出的几点参考对策及方法。     

深圳海滨休闲渔业的现状及开发

休闲渔业当前正在中国迅猛发展。发展休闲渔业是渔业现代化和渔业可持续发展的重要组成部分。深圳开发海滨休闲渔业具有得天独厚的优势,却也存在不少问题,文章就此提出了开发对策:一是将休闲渔业列入全市旅游规划,拓展旅游资源;二是完善管理机制,健全休闲渔业保障体系;三是突出特色,打造亮点;四是丰富休闲渔业产品类型,实施全方位开发战略。     

苍南捕捞渔民转产转业的困境和对策

近年来,苍南县渔业经济结构调整步伐明显加快,取得较好成效,但海洋捕捞业仍然是苍南县渔业的基础。转产转业工作在缓解海洋捕捞强度、保护海洋渔业资源、维护渔民合法经济利益等方面都发挥了良好的作用。但该政策在实施过程中也暴露出了一些不容忽视的问题,本文就苍南县捕捞渔民转产转业面临的困境、原因和相应的对策进行分析和探讨。     

新形势下我国沿海内贸集装箱班轮航线优化研究

在集装箱班轮运输中,班轮航线的选择和优化是船公司重要决策之一,也是重要的学术研究问题。随着我国沿海内贸集装箱运输的持续稳定发展,有关集装箱班轮航线优化的研究也变得尤为迫切。但已有研究大多着眼于远洋航线的优化,且基本上是以运力和运量限制为约束条件,目标函数一般为成本最低或运量最大的单目标,而且大多数研究都是针对不定期杂货船,而对集装箱班轮航线优化的研究不多,因为对于集装箱班轮而言,通常需要停靠一系列的港口,模型不仅要考虑总的经济成本,还要考虑停靠港口以及班期等要求。因此文中结合我国沿海内贸集装箱运输的发展特点,以我国沿海内贸集装箱运输航线的运营利润最大为目标函数,以运量、运力、网络结构以及时间为约束条件,构建了我国沿海内贸集装箱班轮航线的优化模型,旨在为航运企业设计以及优化班轮航线提供决策支持。     

Quantification of interdependencies between economic systems and ecosystem services: An input-output model applied to the Seine estuary

The aim of this paper is to assess the possible contribution of an input-output model towards two of the basic principles of the sustainability strategy of integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) and Post-Normal Science. According to these principles, decision-support tools should offer a holistic perspective and handle high uncertainty. The difficulties in reaching sustainability are due partly to the prevailing use of “narrow-system-boundary” tools that are non-holistic. Consequently, they fail to capture important ecosystem services and ignore interdependencies between them. To comply with the basic principles, our method allows environmental assets to be evaluated in multiple units and integrates results from recent researches in natural sciences. Both enable coverage of interdependencies between ecosystem services. Thereby, we enlarge input-output modelling from the two conventional ecosystem services of sink and provisioning to the most vital ones: the supporting services. An application to the Seine estuary addresses the impacts of maritime transportation infrastructures on nursery habitats for commercial fish. The ecosystem services covered are life support and resource provisioning. Our results show that the restoration of a total of 73.7 km² of nursery areas over the period 2004-2015 would result in a stock of sole in 2015 that exceeds the “business as usual” scenario by 44.2% (uncertainty range: 35.9%-69.9%). In spite of high restoration costs, the negative macro-economic impact is very low. However, on the sector level, a trade-off results between nurseries and three economic sectors. The quantification of such trade-offs in our model is particularly useful to public participation in decision-making.     

The connection between fisheries resources and spatial land use change: The case of two New England fish ports

This study examined interactions between targeted fish populations, aspects of the fishing industry and land use changes along two ports in New England. By tracking changes in land uses over a two-decade period using parcel level data and geographic information system (GIS) tools, we examined the relationship of changes in species biomass, landings and other fishing industry variables to community spatial change. Using logistic regression models we assessed the impacts on essential infrastructure for continued fishing industry activity. Our findings have implications for land use policy that should accompany efforts being made to rehabilitate fish stocks; it should ensure that current marine infrastructure will remain in place to support the fishing industry if and when species rebound. Our models show that in New Bedford Harbor, the larger of the two ports, increasing scallop biomass (considered a long-term factor) is associated with the increase of marine-related land uses. In Provincetown Harbor, short-term factors, such as value and volume of fish landings as well as stock sizes, influence land use change. These findings suggest that the smaller port (Provincetown) is more vulnerable to market conditions and therefore in need of greater land use controls to prevent the conversion of marine-related uses. We propose some directions for further research and present the methodology used as one that can be applied to research questions of a similar nature.