Cheating and Moral Judgment in the College Classroom: A Natural Experiment

The purpose of this paper is to present the results of a natural experiment involving academic cheating by university students. We explore the relationship of moral judgment (as measured using the defining issues test) to actual behavior, as well as the relationship between the honesty of students self-reports and the extent of cheating. We were able to determine the extent to which students actually cheated on the take-home portion of an accounting exam. The take-home problem was not assigned with the intent of inducing cheating among students. However, the high rate of observed cheating prompted the instructor to return to class and ask the students to provide information on their motivation. The students' responses are the data analyzed in this natural experiment. We found that in a simple regression the relationship between moral judgment scores and cheating behavior was insignificant. However, when we tested whether including Utilizer scores (i.e. the extent to which people select actions based on notions of justice) affected the relationship of cheating and moral judgment we found that Utilizer affected the relationship significantly. Finally, we found that moral judgment and honesty were not related, but higher levels of cheating behavior related to less honesty.     

边缘与中心的对话--“暗恐”视阈下《神秘的河流》中索尼尔边缘性人格

立足于弗洛伊德的“暗恐”视角分析了当代澳大利亚作家凯特·格伦维尔的《神秘的河流》中主人公威廉·索尼尔边缘性人格,即在时空策略下透视索尼尔边缘性人格的形成、发展、强化、自我痊愈的过程。通过对索尼尔边缘性人格的书写揭示出从“边缘”到“中心”的欲望机制下英国社会权力话语(主流社会与非主流社会对话)以及在悉尼的种族中心主义(白人与非白种人的对话)和殖民主义(宗主国与殖民地的对话)之间的互文关系。     

京津冀区域创新网络建设的理论基础与现状分析

随着京津冀一体化上升为重大国家战略,京津冀三地协同发展的步伐不断加快。实践表明京津冀一体化发展的根本出路在于三地协同创新,共同建设完善的跨区域创新网络。本文旨在构建跨区域创新网络的理论体系,并以此体系来分析京津冀区域创新网络的建设现状与制约因素。     

Estimating the Kullback–Liebler risk based on multifold cross‐validation

This paper concerns a class of model selection criteria based on cross‐validation techniques and estimative predictive densities. Both the simple or leave‐one‐out and the multifold or leave‐m‐out cross‐validation procedures are considered. These cross‐validation criteria define suitable estimators for the expected Kullback–Liebler risk, which measures the expected discrepancy between the fitted candidate model and the true one. In particular, we shall investigate the potential bias of these estimators, under alternative asymptotic regimes for m. The results are obtained within the general context of independent, but not necessarily identically distributed, observations and by assuming that the candidate model may not contain the true distribution. An application to the class of normal regression models is also presented, and simulation results are obtained in order to gain some further understanding on the behavior of the estimators.     

Computer Usage in Accredited Post-Secondary Culinary Arts Programs

Abstract

Students for whom English is a Second Language (ESL) and who are engaged in English based education can generate a range of pedagogical and ethical issues for educators. A multiple case study conducted in 1999 investigated issues associated with the education of ESL students from lecturers' perspectives and identified teaching strategies used by lecturers to counter the pedagogical and ethical issues. Pedagogical issues related primarily to English literacy standards of students, tailoring curricula and teaching practice to meet ESL student needs. Strategies used included monitoring of teaching strategies, provision of additional textual support, mixed groups, interactive learning, team assignments and limited use of examinations. Ethical issues were associated with the business versus academic enterprise of education and accepting students whose language ability was questionable and who subsequently expected to achieve a positive outcome-an English degree.     

Questionable Business Practices in Russia

ABSTRACT

This article applies Integrative Social Contracts Theory (Donaldson and Dunfee, 1994) to ethical issues in business situations in Russia arising between Russians and Westerners. The theory bases ethical decision making on universal hypernorms which are fundamental to human existence regardless of culture or nationality. Simultaneously, specific norms exist that may differ from one community or culture to another. The theory includes six criteria to help resolve conflicts among these different groups. This article uses a common situation of blat or personal favoritism in Russian business to illustrate how the theory can be applied to conflicting norms in interactions between Western business people and their counterparts in Central and Eastern European countries.     

Strategic Management of External Change in NSW Registered Clubs

ABSTRACT

This research examines how clubs strategically manage change resulting from alterations in their external environment. Specifically, this paper aims to investigate the marketing implications of recent legislative change arising from restrictions imposed on advertising and promotion of club gaming in one Australian state, the most populous state of New South Wales (NSW). Managers of three northern NSW clubs situated adjacent to the southern Queensland (QLD) border were interviewed to obtain primary data for this investigation. Results show that legislation restricting gaming advertising, promotion and external signage has caused difficulties in marketing these three clubs whose core product is gaming machines. Short-term results of revised marketing strategies indicate that club member numbers are steady but spending is unpredictable. Visitors are harder to attract, particularly new visitors.     

基于职业教育属性对高职教育难点问题的探析

目前高职教育在办学经费、专业设置、教学条件、师资队伍、教学模式、质量监控等方面还存在诸多问题,必须准确把握高职教育这一公共品的属性,认真贯彻落实《国务院关于加快发展现代职业教育的决定》和《现代职业教育体系建设规划(2014-2020)》,全面推进高职教育改革,有效解决存在问题。     

New sustainable business models in China

This research explores the need to establish new sustainable business models in China and uses multiple objectives to examine in a sample of Chinese companies the reality of the level of sustainable development, environmental awareness and performance, community responsibility, performance barriers and drivers and other sustainability issues. A mixed methodology was adopted, using a questionnaire survey and interviews with 20 manufacturing companies in Guangzhou and Shenzen. Evidence from the small sample of companies demonstrates the lack of significant sustainable development practices in China, although small and medium sized companies appeared to show interest in this area and would like to further contribute to for example triple bottom line objectives. Increasing concerns are found from the company level regarding the need to use renewable energy, source alternative sustainable materials, close the loop of the supply chain, improve the quality of products produced rather than reducing cost, export to Europe and treat employees as an asset. The lack of skills, finance and knowledge are found to be prohibiting the effective embedment of sustainable development within companies and hence cause an under‐performance in this regard. The study concludes that the establishing of a new business model for sustainable development in China is needed urgently, and this should be a joint effort with the Chinese government. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.     

Satisfaction statements and the study of angling in the United Kingdom

Abstract

Using a slightly modified version of a list of satisfaction statements developed by Hawes (1978), and a piloted interview guide, a study was undertaken of a quota sample (N = 304) of coarse, sea, and game anglers in the United Kingdom (U.K.). Results indicated that there is a common range of satisfactions sought from the three types of angling. These included active factors such as adventure and excitement, uncertainty and chance to develop a skill, and a group of factors concerned with mental relaxation, such as peace of mind, chance to be alone, and enjoy nature. Contact with friends was also found to be important. At the same time important differences exist in the blend of satisfactions looked for by coarse, game, and sea anglers.

For sea anglers the active factors of “uncertainty and adventure and excitement” are more important to the group as a whole than the peaceful factors of “peace of mind” and “alone in a peaceful spot.” In coarse and game angling, “active” and “peaceful” factors are intermingled in the most prevalent statements.

Likewise, differences exist in the blend looked for by the “under” compared with the “over” 24 years of age. For the under 24s, the active statements “adventure and excitement” and “chance to develop a skill” are more important to the group than peaceful factors, whereas for the over 24s, active and peaceful factors are again intermingled in the most prevalent statements. Differences exist between the findings in this study and those in North America. Escape behavior was stated far less in the U.K. study as a reason for participation than in similar North American studies.