Chinese RMB exchange rate and local currency price stability in ASEAN trade

The article uses trade data between China and ASEAN countries to test hypotheses related to pricing to market (PTM) and consequent local currency price stability (LCPS). The degree of price discrimination associated with real RMB exchange rate changes between China and ASEAN + 2 shows evidence of local currency price stability in some industries in which exporters may be less competitive. China's trade policy may have also played a role in the local currency price stability. The article finds no evidence that RMB appreciation creates a larger impact on price adjustment than RMB depreciation.     

新旧《非货币性交易》会计准则比较研究

由于当时的国情和制定时间仓促，修订前的《非货币性交易》会计准则存在着很多不足之处。准则修订後，其计量过程更加简化、准确，但也出现了一些新问题。本文针对《非货币性交易》会计准则修订前後的变化进行比较，提出了新准则仍有待完善之处的建议。     

How should emerging economies float their currencies?

Floating exchange rates seem to be gaining ground in Latin America, East Asia and the transition economies. The recent crises left many economies with no alternative but to float. Others have moved toward floating, searching for greater flexibility and insulation from external shocks. The question for most emerging market economies, then, is no longer to float or not to float, but how to float. Four issues arise in this regard. The first is how to float and have low inflation. The second is whether floating provides as much insulation as conventional theory predicts, especially in the presence of dollarized liabilities. Which leads to the third point: the relationship between the stability of the exchange rate and that of the financial system. The fourth is how to conduct monetary policy under a float, and the role of inflation targeting. We consider each of these points in turn, and conclude that a workable model of how to float seems to be emerging from the so‐far successful experience of countries like Chile and Brazil. It involves the adoption of an inflation target as the main anchor for monetary policy, coupled with a monetary policy reaction function that — aside from reacting to the output gap and other determinants of the inflation rate — reacts also partially to movements in the nominal exchange rate. JEL classification: F3, F4, E4, E5     

The Impact of Central Bank FX Interventions on Currency Components

This article assesses the impact of official FOREX interventionsof the three major central banks in terms of the dynamics ofthe currency components of the major exchange rates over theperiod 1989–2003. We identify the currency componentsof the mean and volatility processes of exchange rates usingthe framework developed recently by Bos and Shephard (2006).Our results show that, in general, concerted interventions tendto affect the dynamics of both currency components of the exchangerate. In contrast, unilateral interventions are found to primarilyaffect the currency of the central bank present in the market.Our findings also emphasize a role for interventions conductedby these central banks on other related FOREX markets.     

基于不同汇率制度的货币投机性攻击盈利模型

全球流动性过剩及资产价格膨胀的风险、国际金融市场的动荡，我国经常项目名义上放开实际管制、以及资本项目名义上管制实际放开的现实，使得我们应该在10年之后更多地回顾、关注亚洲金融危机的教训，总结防范国际短期资本冲击的经验。本文通过建立模型，对两种汇率制度下投机性货币攻击的盈利模式进行了比较，验证了一国受到货币的投机性攻击时，浮动汇率制优于固定汇率制的结论。     

关于折旧与产品成本关系的研究

企业控制产品成本是通过控制材料费、控制工资、控制综合费用。如果某种产品成本中的折旧费用占有举足轻重的地位时,也可以通过调整折旧方法达到控制产品的目的。本文构造了在计算期内保持单位产品成本不变的折旧方法,并对其应用进行了探讨。     

Do Share Buybacks Provide Price Support? Evidence From Mandatory Non-Trading Periods

Abstract:  Financial regulators, analysts and journalists have expressed concern that open market share repurchases may help support share prices. We test this conjecture by examining repurchasing firms' share price patterns on entering mandatory non-trading periods imposed by the London Stock Exchange. If buybacks provide price support, we would expect to observe price declines when trading bans force firms to suspend their buyback program. Consistent with claims that open market buybacks provide price support, we document average price declines when repurchasing firms enter mandatory non-trading periods. We also find that the magnitude of the price decline varies cross-sectionally with proxies for the price support impact of repurchases in the predicted manner. However, economic and statistical significance levels are moderate and largely confined to non-trading periods preceding interim results announcements, casting doubt on whether trading profits could be earned by exploiting this information.     

Uncertainty, Flexible Exchange Rates, and Agglomeration

This paper shows that exchange rate volatility promotes agglomeration of economic activity. Under flexible rates, firms prefer to locate in large countries, where they would enjoy lower variability of sales, thus reinforcing concentration of firms in such locations. Empirical evidence on OECD countries demonstrates that for small (large) countries or currency areas, exchange rate volatility has a long-run negative (positive) effect on net inward FDI flows. Two implications arise: creating a currency area fosters agglomeration towards the area and dispersion within the area. JEL Classification Numbers: F12, F31, F33, F4, L16, R12     

An empirical examination of the currency denomination of trade

The currency denomination of trade has important effects on inflation and the macroeconomic transmission of shocks. This study examines the currency denomination of Italian exports and imports with countries outside the European Union during 2010. By using a unique dataset we find evidence to suggest that invoicing currencies do not always have consistent determinants. Significant effects, new to the literature, include the massive, robust effect of geography and tax treaties, which suggest the importance of information asymmetry. The distance between trading partners has one of the largest marginal effects, increasing the likelihood of vehicle currency use relative to the euro.     

Welfare Implications of Currency Integration: Labor Mobility and Pricing-to-Market

In this paper, we examine the welfare cost of renouncing monetary policy autonomy in a model that includes labor mobility and pricing-to-market (PTM) behavior in firms. We find that renouncing monetary policy autonomy becomes a cost of currency integration when the consumption basket weights differ between candidate countries and when country-specific total factor productivity (TFP) shocks hit economies, even when the union fulfills the classic optimum currency area theory of labor mobility. We also found that a firm's PTM behavior has a significant effect on the welfare implications of currency integration combined with labor mobility. For instance, currency integration does not produce greater welfare losses in the PTM case (where the labor input weights differ across member countries and asymmetric labor disutility shocks occur), although greater welfare losses arise in the case of producer currency pricing.