Ⅳ62轨道下山大倾角施工组织方案优化

针对Ⅳ62采区轨道下山大倾角、下山施工循环进度低的问题,制定合理的施工组织方案,解决了岩巷大倾角、下山施工循环进度低的难题。     

Learning and Ability to Pay

Summary

The decision whether to use time series or econometric methods to forecast demand is not clear. The literature reviewed only indicates that models should be simple and ideally be able to evolve over time. In 1997 two models were proposed to forecast the numbers from Britain skiing in Europe. The first used a learning curve approach and forecast a stationary market, whilst the second used a Varying Coefficient Model linking sales and ability to pay and forecast a gradually expanding market. This paper reviews the outcomes 1996-2000, the forecast performance of the two models and the stability of the structure of both when updated. It unequivocally suggests that the learning curve approach produced better forecasts. In the penultimate section a model that attempts to combine both approaches is developed. In this context the role of “historic” data is discussed. The paper concludes that the best forecasting approach will depend upon whether the market is stable and that the weight given to data must reflect the information content of that data.     

Adapting to climate change: perceptions of vulnerability of down-hill ski area operators in Southern and Middle Finland

Climate change is likely to affect the tourism sector, particularly areas, such as snow-based tourism, that are directly dependent on climate and weather conditions. Especially vulnerable are low-lying ski areas. This study identifies the climatic factors that are crucial for economically successful operation of low-lying ski areas in Southern and Middle Finland and contemplates how these factors are seen to change with climate change. The study then analyses the preferences for and perceptions of adaptation strategies of downhill ski operators in terms of the adaptation measures they can implement or are willing to take. The findings indicate that climatic conditions set preconditions for the operation of the ski areas, but short-term operational prospects and inter-annual variability in weather conditions rather than foreseen changes in climatic conditions guide the operational decisions of the ski area operators. A key adaptation strategy to respond to uncertain snow conditions is artificial snowmaking, which lowers the vulnerability of the areas to the impacts of climate change too.     

Managing cross-country skiing destinations under the conditions of climate change - Scenarios for destinations in Austria and Finland

Winter sports resorts in general, and cross-country skiing destinations in particular, will need to address the impacts of climate change in the near future. This study uses the results of a discrete choice experiment to investigate likely skier responses to various destination scenarios under possible adaptation strategies to climate change. The heterogeneity of skiers is accounted for in a latent class model resulting in three segments of Austrian and Finnish skiers respectively. The results show that it is less risky for Austrian destinations to introduce technical adaptation, as well as to expand into additional offers, compared to Finland. The main reasons seem to be the strong tradition of cross-country skiing in Finland combined with a clear aversion toward user fees. The study serves as an example for using results of a stated choice survey to evaluate future destination scenarios and provide market intelligence for management and target marketing.     

滑雪场经济效益分析

滑雪场是新兴的企业组织,在我国处于起步阶段。如何提高滑雪场的经营效益,成为我国滑雪产业发展的"瓶颈问题"。我国各种规模的滑雪场有350家,但全国整个滑雪产业的经营额尚不及美国科罗拉多州的一个滑雪场的销售额度。近几年来,特别是一些中大型的滑雪场在经营方面遇到了"寒潮"。应借鉴西方的厂商理论对滑雪场的经营效益进行定量分析,采取更有效的措施提高我国滑雪场经营效益。     

黑龙江省滑雪旅游的可持续发展

黑龙江省滑雪旅游资源丰富，发展滑雪旅游是发展地方经济的一条新途径；既要开发，又要保护环境；分析了开发中存在的问题；提出滑雪旅游事业可持续发展的对策。     

国内外冰雪旅游开发与研究述评

冰雪、森林与海洋是未来旅游业发展的三大资源。当前,世界范围内的冰雪旅游已经步入一个高速发展阶段,伴随着这一潮流,中国的冰雪旅游也开展得如火如荼。文章对国内外冰雪旅游开发现状与特点进行了比较研究,并就国内外冰雪旅游研究文献做出统计分析,在此基础上总结出我国冰雪旅游研究存在的主要问题和国外冰雪旅游开发的成功经验。     

论越野滑雪运动的特点以及选材要求

本文从越野滑雪运动的环境、场地、经济条件、器材等方面分析了越野滑雪运动的特点,并进结合越野滑雪运动员的身体形态、心理品质、身体素质进一步阐述了越野滑雪运动的选材要求。     

The Influence of Ethnicity and Self-Construal on Leisure Constraints

This study examines the effects of ethnicity, participation, and self-construal on constraints to the popular leisure activity of downhill skiing, an activity that is struggling to attract ethnic minority group members in North America. A new leisure constraints model guided our study, a framework that recognizes the importance of macro- (i.e., ethnicity) and micro-level (i.e., participation, self-construal) variables on the traditional concepts of intrapersonal, interpersonal, and structural constraints. After sampling both Chinese- and Anglo-Canadian skiers and nonskiers, results indicate that ethnicity does influence leisure constraints, both alone and in interaction with self-construal.     

滑雪旅游目的地市场营销策略研究

本文结合相关文献对滑雪旅游市场需求及需求障碍做出了初步的分析,并以此为基础对滑雪旅游目的地的产品服务组合策略、价格策略、渠道策略以及促销策略做出了进一步研究,以期为国内各滑雪旅游目的地的市场营销提供经营层面上的参考。