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1.
Adam S. Hayes 《Applied economics letters》2019,26(7):554-560
This study back-tests a marginal cost of production model proposed to value the digital currency Bitcoin. Results from both conventional regression and vector autoregression (VAR) models show that the marginal cost of production plays an important role in explaining Bitcoin prices, challenging recent allegations that Bitcoins are essentially worthless. Even with markets pricing Bitcoin in the thousands of dollars each, the valuation model seems robust. The data show that a price bubble that began in the Fall of 2017 resolved itself in early 2018, converging with the marginal cost model. This suggests that while bubbles may appear in the Bitcoin market, prices will tend to this bound and not collapse to zero. 相似文献
2.
The empirical literature on farmer cooperatives is now fast emerging and developing in the areas of performance, ownership and governance, finance, and member attitude. We discuss 56 peer‐reviewed publications to illustrate the main findings and conclusions while outlining challenges and opportunities for future research. Generally, cooperative membership is found to positively impact price, yield, input adoption, income, and other indicators of member performance, yet there is growing evidence of an uneven distribution of benefits for small and large producers. In terms of structure, evidence of a causal relationship of ownership and governance to performance has been elusive, yet there are now many findings of inherent equity and long‐term debt constraints, often in the context of consolidation to drive scale and scope economies. Further inefficiency is observed to be driven by increased heterogeneity in member attitudes and objectives, in particular in terms of commitment and participation. Thus, overall, empirical work portrays farmer cooperatives as flawed and complex business organizations which nonetheless have a strong positive impact on its members. While applied research may progress in various directions, a general improvement in empirical methodologies is needed to allow robust analysis of mixed objectives in dynamic environments. 相似文献
3.
We survey the methodological advances in DEA over the last 25 years and discuss the necessary conditions for a sound empirical application. We hope this survey will contribute to the further dissemination of DEA, the knowledge of its relative strengths and weaknesses, and the tools currently available for exploiting its full potential. Our main points are illustrated by the case of the DEA study used by the regulatory office of the Dutch electricity sector (Dienst Toezicht Elektriciteitswet; Dte) for setting price caps. 相似文献
4.
The nexus between government revenue and government expenditure has been an important topic in public economics. In this paper, we investigate evidence for cointegration and causality between government revenue and government expenditure for nine Asian countries. We use the recently developed bounds testing approach to cointegration and the conventional F-test to examine Granger causality. Our empirical results suggest that for three out of the nine countries government revenue and government expenditure are cointegrated. Our results on the direction of causation are mixed: (a) for Indonesia, Singapore, Sri Lanka in the short-run and for Nepal in both the short- and long-run we find support for the tax-and-spend hypothesis; (b) Indonesia and Sri Lanka are in conformity with the spend-and-tax hypothesis in the long-run; and (c) for other countries there is evidence of neutrality. 相似文献
5.
The importance of language testing is noticed by more and more people.But the quality of testing,or say,the level of test writers,has been ignored for a long time.This article intends to talk about the importance of professional training for test writ- ers,in order to arouse people's attention to the quality of test designers. 相似文献
6.
B. Gerritse 《Statistica Neerlandica》1996,50(2):281-294
We introduce a new method for proving large-deviation principles (LDPs). This method amounts to "mixing" a collection of LDPs with a sequence of probability measures that obeys itself an LDP. As an illustration, we construct from empirical measures a sequence of capacity-valued maps that can be considered as an indexed collection of LDPs. The index 1 coincides with Sanov's theorem. By taking a Poisson mixture we establish a new connection with Cramér's theorem. 相似文献
7.
Summary Using Silverman and Young’s (1987) idea of rescaling a rescaled smoothed empirical distribution function is defined and investigated
when the smoothing parameter depends on the data. The rescaled smoothed estimator is shown to be often better than the commonly
used ordinary smoothed estimator. 相似文献
8.
9.
Mark D. Karper Clifford B. Donn Marie E. Lyndaker 《Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal》1994,7(3):219-233
The maritime industry provides an interesting case study of the design and implementation of drug-testing programs in the
transportation industry during the 1980s. It is clear that such programs were designed and implemented less because of empirical
evidence of safety problems than for political reasons. The results in the maritime industry are indicative of a program that
is expensive to operate, intrusive with regard to employee privacy, and which will have little or no impact on safety. Focusing
such programs on the issue of impairment rather than on the issue of drug usage per se is likely to improve the outcome of
the programs.
Although, despite common belief, there is little evidence that drug usage or the “drug problem” in U.S. society as a whole
had gotten worse in the preceding years (Schonsheck, 1989, 250–251). 相似文献
10.
Joseph Ngatchou-Wandji 《Revue internationale de statistique》2006,74(1):47-65
Three tests for the skewness of an unknown distribution are derived for iid data. They are based on suitable normalization of estimators of some usual skewness coefficients. Their asymptotic null distributions are derived. The tests are next shown to be consistent and their power under some sequences of local alternatives is investigated. Their finite sample properties are also studied through a simulation experiment, and compared to those of the √ b 2 -test. 相似文献