面向企业营销人员的激励创新

从营销人员的工作性质、企业因素和个人因素三个方面,强调了激励营销人员的重要性和必要性,分析了目前企业营销激励中存在的问题,如薪酬设计不全面,缺乏符合不同利益需求的激励,个体目标与企业目标不一致等,提出了创新激励营销人员的具体方法,如优化薪酬设计,实施有效的培训,培养员工成就感、归属感,充分授权并指导,发挥员工的最大潜能,以达到留人、用人的目的。     

Black economic empowerment,legitimacy and the value added statement: evidence from post‐apartheid South Africa

We examine why companies in South Africa voluntarily provide a value added statement (VAS). The VAS can be used by management to communicate with employees and thereby establish a record of legitimacy. Since we want to establish if the VAS is used to establish symbolic or substantive legitimacy, we examine whether production of a VAS is associated with actual performance in labour‐related areas. To measure labour‐related performance, we use an independent Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) rating. We find that BEE performance is significantly and positively related to the voluntary publication of a VAS. Our results suggest that BEE performance and disclosure of a VAS are two elements of a strategy used by South African companies to establish their substantive legitimacy with labour.     

Consumer empowerment: global context,UK strategies and vulnerable consumers

Globalization has created new consumer needs and wants, and resulted in consumer confusion regarding the increasing complexity of products and services. This has stimulated global interest in educating and empowering consumers. The UK government has made a very ambitious commitment to ensure that the framework for consumer empowerment and support is at the level of the best in the world by 2008. The government, many consumer organizations and regulators believe that empowered consumers are key to the success of competitive markets. Two national strategies to co‐ordinate activities in the UK have been developed by the Office of Fair Trading (OFT) and the Financial Services Authority (FSA). The OFT consumer education strategy aims to deliver targeted, effective consumer education by increasing co‐ordination and making the best use of available resources. The FSA is leading a financial capability strategy designed to deliver change to improve the UK's financial capability. Both strategies share a vision of educated and confident consumers making informed choices about the products and services they buy, and both aim to empower vulnerable consumers. Given the global interest and the development of national strategies, it is useful to consider what is meant by the term consumer empowerment. Is there a shared view of consumer empowerment internationally? Does the education of consumers result in empowered consumers? To what extent do the national strategies address the empowerment of vulnerable, disadvantaged, excluded or susceptible consumers? These questions will be addressed in this article which reviews the global context for the consumer education and empowerment agenda and considers key UK developments, with particular reference to the needs of vulnerable consumers. The study found that the language of consumer empowerment is gaining prominence in policy and strategy documents at the highest levels internationally in the Organisation of Economic Cooperation and Development and the European Community, and nationally in the UK.     

企业ESG绩效会影响商业信用融资吗？——基于信息传递与治理赋能视角

基于2007—2021年沪深两市A股上市公司数据,探讨ESG绩效对商业信用融资的影响及作用机制。研究发现：ESG绩效提升了企业商业信用融资能力;机制检验发现,ESG绩效提高了信息传递效率和公司治理水平,从而影响商业信用融资;区分样本发现,ESG绩效对商业信用融资的影响在低竞争地位、非污染性行业、东部地区和环保法实施后的样本中更为显著。以上研究结论为企业进行ESG实践,提升商业信用融资水平提供了经验借鉴。     

自恋型领导的双面特质对员工组织公民行为的作用机制——一个被调节的中介效应模型

基于51位主管和438名员工的配对问卷调查数据,采用层次回归分析法,探讨了员工的心理授权在自恋型领导与员工组织公民行为间的传导机制,并分析了员工主动性人格的调节作用。结果表明:自恋型领导的双面特质对员工的组织公民行为具有显著影响;员工的心理授权在自恋型领导影响员工组织公民行为的过程中起中介作用;员工的主动性人格调节了自恋型领导通过员工心理授权影响员工组织公民行为的中介作用。     

少数民族村寨社区居民对旅游增权感知研究

通过采用田野调查、统计分析等方法,以贵州郎德苗寨为个案,研究当地村民对旅游经济增权、旅游政治增权、旅游心理增权和旅游社会增权的感知状况,通过独立样本T检验及单因素方差分析,对不同特征村民对旅游增权的感知差异进行分析,结果表明民族贫困地区以社区为核心力量导向的旅游开发,村民对旅游增权的感知度较强;村民对增权感知的强弱依次为心理增权、社会增权、政治增权及经济增权;不同人口社会学特征村民对旅游增权感知存在着明显的差异。     

Indigenous ecotourism in the Mayan rainforest of Palenque: empowerment issues in sustainable development

Indigenous ecotourism in the Mayan rainforest has received little research attention. This study examines issues related to the level of empowerment in a Mayan village located near the Palenque World Heritage Site in southern Mexico. An adapted empowerment framework was used to assess community empowerment and its relationship with stakeholders’ participation by collecting the views of internal and external stakeholders in indigenous ecotourism. Using a checklist of 60 empowerment indicators, the study developed a wheel of empowerment tool that graphically illustrates and compares levels of empowerment/disempowerment in local communities. Results indicate that although there is a will from many villagers to participate in tourism, lack of knowledge, limited economic resources and the poor negotiation skills of local leaders have disempowered the community from undertaking ecotourism ventures. Non Governmental Organisations (NGOs) have not supported the community until recently, the private sector has played little part, and while the Mexican government is shaping the course of indigenous ecotourism with support programmes, state agencies have resisted local ecotourism development. Overall, the community fell below the midpoint on the Wheel of Empowerment Scale. These findings show a need for more effective empowerment strategies to maximise community involvement in managing cultural and natural resources for tourism development.     

Social Capital,political empowerment and social difference: a mixed-methods study of an ecotourism project in the rural Volta region of Ghana

Abstract

Claims abound regarding the empowering possibilities of community-based natural resources management (CBNRM). Social capital is seen as a key element towards that end, yet there is a paucity of critical research testing these connections. This study examines two aspects of social capital (cognitive and structural) in a community-based ecotourism (CBE) project in Ghana as they relate to social difference (notably gender and ethnicity) and political empowerment (i.e., access to political involvement, and political efficacy). Quantitative results highlight specific gendered and ethnic differences in political empowerment and social capital that, when combined with qualitative analysis, reveal how those inequities in ecotourism may be rooted in socio/cultural norms. In addition, a novel contribution from this study is that political empowerment seems to be partly mediated by peoples’ access to social capital. This suggests that, regardless of one’s gender and ethnicity, social capital helps to empower individuals. We conclude by describing what an intervention could look like in the context of this CBE project when informed by qualitative feminist as well as quantitative social capital analysis. Doing so we illustrate how a mixed-methods approach to the study of social capital and empowerment may offer important insights towards more equitable CBE.Abbreviations: CBE: Community Based Ecotourism; CBNRM: Community Based Natural Resources Management; NCRC: Nature Conservation Research Centre; FPE: Feminist Political Ecology; PCA: Principal Component Analysis; ANOVA: Analysis of Variance     

Empowering Chinese Service Employees: A Reexamination and Extension

ABSTRACT

This article extends the knowledge in the area of empowerment of Chinese service employees by addressing the possible conceptual and methodological problems identified in Hui, Au, and Fock's (2004) study. The findings show that the lack of positive effect of discretionary empowerment on the job satisfaction and intention to comply with customer request of the Chinese subjects in Hui et al.'s (2004) Hui, M. K., Au, K. and Fock, H. 2004. Empowerment effects across cultures. Journal of International Business Studies., 35: 46–60. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar] study likely resulted from their use of hotel/hospitality management students as subjects. Without the confounding effect from the shared internalized values of the subjects, discretionary empowerment can have a positive effect on the job satisfaction and job behavior (e.g., intention to comply with customer request) of Chinese service employees. Furthermore, the findings show that explicit management support can further enhance the positive effect of discretionary empowerment on the job satisfaction and job behavior of Chinese service employees. The current article also discusses the theoretical contributions, managerial implications, limitations of the study, and future research directions.