Assessment of the agricultural sustainability of Shaanxi Province,China

It is significant for the study on the sustainable development of regional agriculture to monitor and measurethe trend of agricultural development with an effective method. The sustainable development of regional agricultureshould accord with regional population, rural economic development, social progress, resource and environmentalsupport. This paper establishes the evaluating indicators system of sustainable development of regional agriculture,evaluates the agricultural sustainable development in Shaanxi Province with a comprehensive multi-indicator method,analyzes the support of resource and environment for regional agriculture by the resource-development index and theenvironment-development index, and gets the conclusion that the indicators, such as education level, the income gapbetween urban and rural residents, the per capita area under cultivation and the consumption of pesticides and chemicalfertilizers per hectare, are the main factors to restrict agricultural sustainability, and that the pressure of the developmentof subsystems of population, economy and society on the subsystems of resource and environment turns out to bestronger and stronger. Agricultural environment gets better, but resource becomes one of the important factors to restrictthe development of regional agriculture. In a word, this paper highlights the potentials and limitations of sustainableagriculture of Shaanxi and helps identify the development direction in the future.     

长江流域资源环境与可持续发展研究

把可持续发展建立在资源可持续利用和生态环境良好的基础上,已成为世人的共识。文章概述了长江流域的资源环境状况,揭示了长江流域面临的严重资源环境问题：人地矛盾日益尖锐;水土流失严重;湿地萎缩加剧;自然灾害频繁;水污染加重。提出了促进可持续发展的资源环境对策,包括：贯彻计划生育基本国策,减缓人口对环境的压力;植树造林,构筑“绿色屏障”;调整产业结构和布局,建立资源节约型国民经济体系;发展资源产业,增强产业的基础地位;建立综合协调的资源环境管理体系;提高公众环境意识,树立生态道德观。     

The coevolution of firms and their knowledge environment: Insights from the pharmaceutical industry

What are the most effective learning strategies for firms given the characteristics of their knowledge environment? This paper addresses this question by documenting the major changes in the knowledge environment of the pharmaceutical industry, with a particular emphasis on the period since the emergence of biotechnology, and discussing the related changes in the learning strategies of established pharmaceutical firms. Both the historical analysis and a review of the empirical research on organizational learning and knowledge transfer reveal a strong emphasis of firms on external learning through interfirm collaborations and sourcing of external knowledge. This learning strategy seems to be driven by the speed, uncertainty, and dispersion of knowledge developments in the industry. Studying the connections between the knowledge environment and the effectiveness of organizational learning processes is important to understand organizational change and adaptation, and is an area of research that deserves further attention.     

论以粮换林换草与河西地区的可持续发展--以武威地区为例

分析了武威地区可持续发展的主要生态环境问题,讨论了生态恢复与重建面临的困境,论证了以粮换林换草对促进区域可持续发展的必要性和有效性,指出了以粮换林换草中应进一步研究的问题,提出生态重建要坚持多措施并举。     

试论新公司法与公司的社会责任

公司必须承担社会责任是我国新公司法的要求,在实践中如何理解这一责任,甚为重要,直接关系到公司的发展和新公司法的实施.立足于现阶段的社会实践,公司社会责任的基本内涵是要求公司在其经营活动中不得有损于社会和谐及社会发展并因此而承担相应的社会义务,这一义务以保障劳工权益、保护环境、珍惜资源为核心.这种对公司社会责任的理解极具现实意义.同时,探讨如何将新公司法这一倡导性规范的要求合理地付诸实践也是我们不可回避的问题.     

Adoption of improved irrigation and drainage reduction technologies under limiting environmental conditions

Modern irrigation technologies have been suggested as a means of conserving scarce water and reducing environmental pollution caused by irrigated agriculture. This paper applies an economic model of technology selection that provides a general framework to analyzing adoption of irrigation technologies under various environmental conditions. Data from the San Joaquin Valley of California is used to verify the theoretical relationships. Results suggest key variables to be considered by policy makers concerned with adoption of modern irrigation technologies. Among these variables are crop prices, water technology costs, farm organization characteristics, and the environmental conditions of the farm or the field. Policy implications were discussed and analyzed.This research was conducted while the first author was a visiting scholar with the Dept. of Agricultural Economics, University of California, Davis, and USDA-ERS, USA.     

我国建立绿色会计研究

实现人与自然和谐、可持续发展是人类社会发展永恒的主题,绿色会计是构成绿色国民核算体系以及绿色GDP的微观基础。我国实施绿色会计具有重要的现实意义,可以清楚明了地反映生态效益和社会效益,评估企业的环境代价和资源利用率,采取有效措施引导企业走环保之路。     

我国商业银行市场风险管理的特殊性:基于金融生态环境的分析

随着我国经济金融改革和发展,尤其是利率市场化和人民币汇率体制改革的深入,中国银行业面临的市场风险显著增大,根据我国具体情况加强银行市场风险管理是十分紧迫的现实任务。本文以金融生态环境为视角,着重分析我国商业银行的内外部环境状况及其影响,揭示我国银行业市场风险管理的特殊性,并据此提出了以金融生态环境改善为基础,提高银行市场风险管理水平的建议。     

陕北地区生态与经济互动发展初探

陕北地区位于我国生态脆弱区,生态建设与经济发展是区域发展的两大目标,二者长期难以协调,影响到陕北地区可持续发展,如何实现生态重建与经济发展的协调统一是该区亟待解决的难题。本文以互动发展观为理论指导,结合陕北地区延安市西北部吴起县的生态建设模式,从互动发展的角度提出了陕北地区生态重建与经济发展的对策。     

论政府包办型生态建设补偿机制的低效性成因及应对策略

政府主导型生态建设的资金投入通过政府委托代理链最终到达“种树人”环节。由于链条本身存在重复性大规模剥蚀资金的缺陷,当资金到达最终环节时,往往因数量的大幅减少而陷入高成本低收益困境。即使那些能够到达最终环节的资金,也会因补偿机制的不适当而缺乏效率。如何克服这种由政府包办而形成的低效率补偿机制?基本途径是让资金运动绕开政府委托代理链,直接到达最终环节,实行治理成果与补偿机制直接挂钩的激励与约束机制。