Farmers’ Preferences for New Environmental Policy Instruments: Determining the Acceptability of Cross Compliance for Biodiversity Benefits

This paper addresses the issue of farmers’ views concerning the perceived legitimacy of environmental cross compliance as a governance mechanism. Recent work on the theory of regulation emphasises the importance of the legitimacy ascribed to a regulation in determining the effectiveness with which it can be implemented. The current study outlines a rationale for why this motivational question should receive attention in economic studies of policy design and reports the results of a survey of 102 arable farmers in East Anglia, UK, which investigated the level of support for the principle of cross compliance for biodiversity objectives. It was found that two attitudinal factors, referred to as ‘Stewardship Orientation’ and ‘Technological Beliefs’, were by far the most significant in determining the acceptability of cross compliance in the sample, and that structural and socio‐demographic factors were considerably less important. The study also identified clusters of farmers according to their overall attitudinal orientation. Of the five groups thus categorised, four appeared on average likely to reject cross compliance as a general principle, leaving only the most ‘Environmental’ cluster in support. The policy implications are discussed and some conclusions drawn.     

矿产资源领域实施合同矿产资源环境管理机制评介

合同矿产资源环境管理是一种节约、促进矿产资源节约综合利用和矿山环境保护与治理的管理方式。通过这种方式,可将矿产资源节约综合利用与环保技术项目投资由矿产资源采、选、冶、加工企业承担改为由合同矿产资源节约综合利用与环保技术服务公司承担,克服了矿产资源节约综合利用与环保技术项目推广中存在的融资、技术和财务风险等市场障碍;可以保证矿产资源节约综合利用环保技术的实施效果、提供矿产资源节约综合利用及环保技术实施产生的效益分享机制、提供用于工艺流程改进和环境治理技术设备;可以提高矿产资源的综合开采回收利用、矿山环境保护和恢复治理以及尾矿、废矿、废水、废气净化治理与有用资源的回收利用水平。     

我国城市环境地质研究现状及应注意几个问题

在分析我国城市环境地质研究现状的基础上,提出了在城市环境地质研究中,应注意将环境地质和地球化学、地球物理、"3S技术"等学科结合起来,不断吸收新方法新技术,并放宽视野,从城市化发展的趋势出发,着眼于"大城市"、城市群的环境地质研究,使城市环境地质研究真正为城市可持续发展和城市居民生活质量的提高做出更大的贡献.     

转轨时期政府在环境保护和生态建设中的作用

中国“渐进式”的转轨在经济上取得了举世瞩目的成就。伴随着经济增长,我国的环境状况却在进一步恶化。由于我国的环保政策多数是在计划经济时期及转轨初期制定的,因此已不适应当前环境保护和生态建设的需要。当前应结合市场经济条件下环境、生态作为公共物品的属性,以及我国处于转轨阶段的特殊性,建立符合我国国情的环境生态政策,充分发挥政府在环境保护和生态建设中的作用。     

英国战略环境影响评价进展与启示

从英国战略环境影响评价（SEA）的阶段分析入手，分别阐述了SEA的法律法规、评价导则或指南、评价方法三个主要方面。最后总结英国SEA的特点并提出对我国规划环境影响评价的相关建议。对我国SEA的研究具有重要的参考意义。     

Drama theory and its relation to game theory. Part 1: Dramatic resolution vs. Rational solution

Drama theory differs from game theory in that it does not regard actors' preferences and perceived opportunities as fixed, but as capable of being changed by the actors themselves under the pressure of pre-play negotiations. Thus characters in a drama undergo change and development. A manyperson, multiphase theory of dramatic transformation is presented, showing how thecore of a drama (in the sense of game theory) is transformed by the interaction between the characters into a strict, strong equilibrium to which they all aspire. The process of dramatic transformation is shown to be driven by actors' reactions to various paradoxes of rationality; it is proved that when all these paradoxes have been overcome, a full dramatic resolution has been reached, satisfying actors' emotional and moral demands, as well as the demands of rationality.     

Drama theory and its relation to game theory. Part 2: Formal model of the resolution process

In a drama, characters' preferences and options change under the pressure of pre-play negotiations. Thus they undergo change and development. A formal model of dramatic transformation is presented that shows how the core of a drama is transformed by the interaction among the characters into a strict, strong equilibrium to which they all aspire. The process is seen to be driven by actors' reactions to various paradoxes of rationality.     

Experimental analysis of choice

Experimental choice analysis continues to attract academic and applied attention. We review what is known about the design, conduct, analysis, and use of data from choice experiments, and indicate gaps in current knowledge that should be addressed in future research. Design strategies consistent with probabilistic models of choice process and the parallels between choice experiments and real markets are considered. Additionally, we address the issues of reliability and validity. Progress has been made in accounting for differences in reliability, but more research is needed to determine which experiments and response procedures will consistently produce more reliable data for various problems.Sawtooth SoftwareDecision Research     

小浪底库周与移民安置区环境影响研究

分析了小浪底工程对库周及移民安置区土地、生物、水资源以及公共卫生的影响,对该区的可持续发展提出了水土保持、调整农业结构、防止水土流失、小流域综合治理、建立保护区、加强环境管理等相应的对策。     

浅议绿色会计

传统的会计核算体系和国民经济核算体系 ,未考虑和核算资源及环境的价值 ,也未将环境污染和资源耗竭所造成的损失从国内生产总值和企业利润中扣除 ,已不适应今天的情况 ,此乃绿色会计产生的原因。绿色会计计算出来的是经过环境调整的国内生产总值和企业利润 ,是符合可持续发展战略和科学发展观要求的。文章从分析资源环境问题和传统会计体系的缺陷入手 ,阐述了绿色会计的任务和核算内容 ,并提出了在我国建立绿色会计的设想。