A $15 U.S. Minimum Wage: How the Fast-Food Industry Could Adjust Without Shedding Jobs

We consider the extent to which U.S. fast-food businesses could adjust to an increase in the federal minimum wage from its current level of $7.25 an hour to $15 an hour without having to resort to reducing their workforce. We consider this issue through a set of simple illustrative exercises, whereby the US raises the federal minimum wage in two steps over four years, first to $10.50 within one year, then to $15 after three more years. We conclude that the fast-food industry could absorb the increase in its overall wage bill without resorting to cuts in their employment levels at any point over this four-year adjustment period. We find that the fast-food industry could fully absorb these wage bill increases through a combination of turnover reductions, trend increases in sales growth, and modest annual price increases over the four-year period. Working from the relevant existing literature, our results are based on a set of reasonable assumptions on fast-food turnover rates, the price elasticity of demand within the fast-food industry, and the industry’s underlying trend for sales growth. We also show that fast-food firms would not need to lower their average profit rate during this adjustment period.     

谈谈高校档案利用工作

高校档案利用工作是高校档案工作的根本目的,是衡量高校档案工作水平的主要尺度,是高校档案工作的中心环节,它可以检验和推动高校档案的收集、整理、鉴定和保管等环节的工作,我们要充分认识当前高校档案利用工作中存在的主要问题,强化全员档案意识,发挥档案工作人员的主观能动性,开展多渠道、多途径的编研与检索,满足当前信息社会需要多方位查找档案的要求.     

自然资源价值理论与理性利用

自然资源有无价值直接影响到经济发展方式和对自然资源开发利用的态度。从哲学角度出发,结合劳动价值论和效用价值论的相关理论,可以认为,自然资源的价值在于其满足人们的需要,自然资源价值量的大小取决于其稀缺性、开发条件和重置成本。如何对自然资源合理利用,关键是对其价值计算和比较。     

中国绿色食品产业发展方式转变的理论模型构建——基于技术、市场与政策协调的分析视角

产业发展方式的根本转变是产业结构优化与产业可持续发展的必然要求与根本途径。本文基于技术驱动、市场拉动与政策引导的协调分析视角,明确了产业发展与产业发展方式转变的关系并构建了一个产业发展方式转变的逻辑分析模型,结合中国绿色食品产业发展的阶段特征与现实基础条件,提出促进绿色食品产业发展方式转变的技术、市场与政策协调措施。     

食品质量与安全专业双语教学的探讨

本文在分析双语教学内涵的基础上，根据作者对食品科学专业多年来的教学经验，分析了在食品质量与安全专业开设双语教学的重要性和必要性，深入探讨了在食品质量与安全专业开设双语教学的教学模式，同时指出了目前双语教学存在的主要问题和对策，提出双语教学是培养与国际接轨的食品质量与安全复合型人才的最有效手段。     

试论对食品安全监管者的再监管

食品具有入口特征,生命具有不可回复性,所以对食品安全的监管与其他市场监管的最大不同就在于,食品安全监管要重在预防.食品安全监管存在一系列失灵,这也是食品安全事件频发的原因.食品安全监管权配置的不科学"多头性",导致了监管过度、监管不足及监管不当现象同时存在.改进监管效果的最优手段不是设立新的监管部门,而是利用和整合现有监管资源.包括:信息披露、明确监管主体及其职责、加强再监管激励、完善对监管主体的财务及认识监管以及建立有效的问责机制.     

The contribution of implicit cognition to the Theory of Reasoned Action Model: a study of food preferences

Abstract

Attitudes are at the heart of the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), but problems in defining and measuring attitudes have contributed to typically low ability to predict behaviour. This article investigates the impact of potential disjuncture between evaluations that an individual externally verbalises (explicit attitudes), and evaluations that are internally held and may exist outside of conscious awareness (implicit attitudes), on the predictive ability of TRA. We study consumers’ attitudes towards eating healthy food and subsequent behaviour in a context of socially consensual behaviour. An Implicit Association Test (IAT) is used to measure implicit attitudes, and these scores are contrasted with self-reported explicit attitude scores. Ninety one participants took part in the study. We found, surprisingly, that implicit attitude has no significant effect on behavioural intention. However, a disjuncture between an individual’s implicit and explicit attitudes, reflecting internal psychological conflict, affected behaviour.