环境会计核算体系总体框架研究——基于林纸一体化企业资源的视角

森林资源资产价值没有得到应有的实现和补偿,是我国林纸一体化改革进程缓慢的原因之一。本文运用资源和环境价值核算和成本分析方法,对该问题进行了系统结构分析,构建了林纸一体化企业REA的体系框架。研究了该体系中林纸一体化企业REA的目标、基本前提、一般原则、信息质量要求和核算对象等,并指出林纸一体化企业REA的过程包括资源——环境要素的确认、计量、记录和报告等步骤。所构建的林纸一体化企业资源——环境核算体系将为企业进行森林资源资产和环境成本核算提供理论和方法指导。     

The energy revolution in the USA and the pre-salt reserves in Brazil: Risks and opportunities for the Brazilian petrochemical industry

The petrochemical industry is known for its interrelations with the oil industry. In recent years the world has witnessed the rapid growth of the Chinese economy and an associated surge in demand for petroleum and oil products, alongside the emergence of alternative sources of oil and natural gas to those produced by OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) and Russia, such as Brazil’s pre-salt reserves and shale gas in the United States. The US is undergoing a veritable energy revolution with its use of unconventional oil and natural gas production techniques in low-permeability reservoirs, chiefly shale gas. Brazil’s prospects as an international player are on the rise thanks to the exploration of oil and natural gas from its pre-salt reserves, which could lead to exports of petroleum of over 2 million barrels/day. All these movements have a direct influence on the petrochemical industry. This article aims to foster discussions about the risks and opportunities facing the Brazilian petrochemical industry with the exploration of oil and natural gas in Brazil and unconventional sources in the United States. Systemic thinking and scenario-based planning were used as the basis for the analysis.     

The Effects of Private Investments in Public Equity on R&D Investment in Small and Medium-Size Enterprises

This paper provides evidence that small and medium-size enterprises (SMEs) use a portion of private investments in public equity (PIPEs) for current research and development (R&D) investment, hold the rest in liquidity reserves such as cash assets and working capital, and ultimately use these reserves to smooth R&D investment. That is, PIPEs may have a direct effect on R&D investment and an indirect or smoothing effect using liquidity reserves. This paper also shows that innovative SMEs such as venture businesses, inno-biz firms, and management innovative firms are more likely to use PIPEs for R&D investment than are noninnovative SMEs. The implications of this paper are that PIPEs can be used as an important source of external financing to fund R&D investment and can be particularly valuable for R&D investment in innovative SMEs.     

林票制度研究——基于“四共一体”林业合作模式

林票制度具有提高造林质量,促进村财林农收入双增收,丰富绿色金融信贷,拓宽林业投融资渠道,增强林区群众获得感等优势。介绍林票制度实施的背景及意义,林票制度设计的内涵、林票发行的流程和运行管理,林票制度设计的理论框架,并对林票制度实施进行绩效分析。通过分析林票制度实施过程中存在的问题,提出了应加强宣传引领,增加发行规模,降低成本;完善操作平台和信息技术,规范林票交易程序,实现信息化管理;加快建立健全森林资源资产证券化的风险隔离机制;确保全面提高森林质量和价值,切实提高林票溢价率,实现合作资产的保值增值等应主要的问题和建议。     

International reserves and the maturity of external debt

This paper studies how the level of international reserves affects the maturity structure of external debt. We show in an illustrative theoretical model that reserves lengthen the maturity of external debt via a flattening of the yield curve. Using data of 66 emerging and developing countries and applying different econometric approaches, we find robust evidence that reserves increase the share of long-term in total external debt. Results hold for private and public external debt individually. Taking reserves and their effect on the debt maturity structure together, they reinforce financial stability.     

Forest conservation programs and the landowners who prefer them: Profiling family forest owners in the New York City watershed

Voluntary forest conservation programs offer family forest owners (FFO) financial incentives in exchange for legally-binding land use restrictions and/or management obligations. Protecting family forests in the Catskill Mountains region of New York is an important policy objective, as these watersheds provide clean drinking water to New York City. Multiple methods were used to elicit preferences for forest conservation program attributes and to identify potential barriers to participation. Respondents to a mailed survey were grouped according to the program attribute that most influenced their likely participation into forest conservation programs. Respondents were identified as time-sensitive, payment value-sensitive, rights-sensitive, payment mode-sensitive, or harvest-sensitive. Comparing groups revealed significant differences in age, attitudes towards harvesting trees, income, and importance of timber production. Supplemental qualitative data was collected during three focus groups of survey respondents and analyzed for general themes. Focus group discussions revealed a lack of knowledge about conservation easement programs, reluctance to burden landowners’ children with encumbered land inheritances, concerns for resale values and tax assessment, and a simmering animosity towards New York City’s watershed management efforts. We offer strategies to address these concerns and to design programs that will foster greater participation among FFOs in the region.     

辽宁集体林权改革绩效的初步评价

对辽宁省新一轮的集体林产权制度改革及其进展和总体绩效进行简单的阐述;并采用大量调查数据和辽宁省林业厅相关统计数据重点对本次改革的具体绩效进行全面的分析;在对总体绩效分析的同时,采用了案例分析,以期使分析准确全面;最终针对调查中发现的问题提出了具体的政策建议。     

外汇储备对货币流动性影响的实证分析

近几年有很多学者研究货币流动性的原因,但少数仅专门研究外汇储备对货币流动性影响.运用计量经济模型分析外汇储备与货币流动两者的关系,结论表明其二者之间存在着协整关系,但同时存在着单方面的影响,即货币流动性对外汇储备的影响显著,外汇储备对货币流动性的影响却比较小.     

Explaining the performance of state–community joint forest management in India

This paper seeks to identify and analyze the factors that explain differential outcomes of joint forest management (JFM) in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. Factors affecting the performances of JFM communities are analyzed using an ordered logit model. The results indicate that JFM communities are more likely to perform well when they are smaller in size and when forest resources in the JFM community are scarce. Presence of social capital and high value forests are also likely to promote good forest growth. Effective protection of forests is likely to contribute to the growth of forests. JFM communities that were initiated by NGOs are more likely to manage forests effectively than the one initiated by the Forest Department.     

关于大方县退耕还林工作的几点思考

退耕还林是党和国家从可持续发展的战略高度提出的一项长期的富民工程。本文通过对我县退耕还林工程现状入手,主要对如何正确处理2008年初的雪凝灾害对退耕还林工程造成的毁灭性破坏引发的问题作一些探讨和思考。