International Comparisons of Australia's Infrastructure Performance

International benchmarking has played a key role in the reform of Australia's infrastructure industries by promoting indirect or yardstick competition, in highlighting the need for further reform and building a consensus for implementing necessary changes. The international benchmarking of infrastructure performance by the Bureau of Industry Economics (BIE) between 1991 and 1996 did much to focus attention on the need for change. The BIE examined the performance of eight infrastructure industries relative to international best practice: electricity, rail freight, telecommunications, the waterfront, road freight, coastal shipping, aviation and gas supply. Performance comparisons concentrated on indicators of price, service quality, labour productivity and capital productivity. This paper reviews and summarises the performance comparisons the BIE undertook over the last three years of its infrastructure benchmarking program. The BIE international benchmarking program provides a useful role model for other countries wanting to seriously pursue reform of their infrastructure industries.     

解读2005年中国国际收支平衡表

国际收支平衡表不仅综合记载了一国在一定时期内与世界各国的经济往来的情况和在世界经济中的地位及其消长对比情况,而且还集中反映了该国的经济类型和经济结构。2005年,中国的国际收支巨额顺差,具有鲜明特色.透过国际收支平衡表,可以发现中国国际收支的结构特征、问题所在,进而提出改进措施和政策建议。     

我国国际保理法律机制探究

我国办理国际保理的规模尚小。国际保理业务的一些通行做法与我国国内法律环境“不兼容”是影响其发展的关键因素。笔者在探究了由我国《合同法》确立的商事债权让与制度的基础上,分析以此制度作为我国国际保理的法律规范不能完全适应保理实务和国际惯例的要求。其中对未来发生应收账款债权转让的效力、禁转约定的抗辩、隐蔽性保理在我国法律体系下所遭遇的不适及就应收账转让引起的权利冲突等问题,进行了详细的论述,并提出了相应的立法修正原则。     

Multinational firms, international trade and international telecommunications

The study analyses the determinants of international telephone, telex, telegram and leased lines communication between the United States and 46 countries. It focusses on the role of multinational firms, international trading firms and new information technologies within the framework of the theory of transaction costs.Results of the econometric estimates suggest that: (a) technological conditions of telecommunication infrastructure, i.e., international diffusion lags of new information technologies, play an important role in the explanation of international telephone and telex telecommunication flows but not in the demand for telegraph and leased lines, (b) multinational firms use international telecommunication to reduce the coordination costs and are strong customers of leased lines and telephones, but less so of telex and telegrams, (c) international trading firms exhibit less clear preferences in the use of the different media to reduce transaction costs.     

Managing the international commons: Resource use and pollution control

The simultaneous management, in an international context, of free-access renewable resources and transboundary pollution, is examined in a dynamic game framework. First-best outcomes under international cooperation are determined and compared to noncooperative outcomes when countries follow linear Markov strategies. An international policy consisting of taxes on emissions and harvesting, with international redistribution of tax receipts, is used to achieve the cooperative solution. In addition, side payments may be required to prevent free riding and thus make the international policy implementable.Earlier versions of this paper were presented at the International WorkshopEconomic Aspects of International Water Resources Utilization in the Mediterranean Basin, Fondazione ENI Enrico Mattei, Milan, October 1993, and the Fifth Annual Conference of EAERE, Dublin, June 1994. I would like to thank Peter Berck, Charles Kolstad, Mordechai Schechter, and two anonymous referees for their valuable comments.     

亚洲金融危机之后的深层思考

进入20世纪90年代以来,全球各类金融危机频频发生。影响国际经济金融秩序的因素发生了新变化,目前的国际金融秩序已经不能适应国际政治格局和经济、技术发展趋势,不能适应调整当前国际金融关系的需要,必须进行变革,并建立公正、合理的国际金融新秩序。     

知识经济时代创新与国际服务贸易发展关系研究

知识经济时代,创新与国际服务贸易发展的关系尤为密切。国际服务贸易给我国经济带来巨大的发展利益是我们创新的内在动力,一个立体式的国际服务贸易创新局面可以概括为以体制创新为基础、以服务产业结构创新为突破、以制度创新为实质,通过政策创新、构成创新和工具创新等具体体现,它涵盖了服务贸易各个方面、贯穿于服务贸易的全过程。     

全球金融体系的脆弱性与发展中国家的金融安全

全球金融体系脆弱性的根源在于金融经济脱离实质经济的过度扩张。恐慌有自我正名的能力,由于市场的双重标准的存在,与发达国家相比,发展中国家抵抗恐慌自我正名机制的能力更加脆弱。在金融全球化的背景下,一个国家的经济体受到恐慌自我正名机制的攻击而爆发金融危机时,危机产生的破坏性影响会通过一定的途径扩散到其它的一些国家,使得发展中国家面临着空前的系统性风险,从而加剧了发展中国家面临的挑战。     

全球贸易自由化下的环境问题与环境政策

在全球贸易自由化的进程中，对环境既产生了正的影响，也产生了负的影响。但贸易不是产生环境问题的根源，所以不能靠制定与贸易有关的环境政策来解决，而应当在环境污染的发生地实施有关的环境政策，使“外部化”了的费用，纳入生产者的成本中，这才是真正的贸易比较优势。     

从上海国际化工城看绿色集群的创新模式

我国在发展化工产业时应当站在“绿色化工”的基础上集群式发展．避免走先污染、再治理的老路。本文以上海市国际化工城集群式发展绿色化工产业为例，在重点分析国外化工产业集群发展和金山绿色化工产业集群特点的基础上．进一步提炼了“绿色集群”的内涵及其创新意义。