Philippine Infrastructure and Connectivity: Challenges and Reforms

The Philippines has performed creditably well in the past few years. Ensuring better infrastructure and connectivity is crucial in attaining inclusive growth. This will require substantial investments in infrastructure. Various reforms to address the infrastructure lack were implemented but there is scope for more reforms: improving fiscal space, reforming budgetary processes, improving public‐private partnerships (PPPs) and the regulatory environment, and better policy coordination to address problems of connectivity and infrastructure. The Philippines has to continuously improve the governance framework, ensure stability and predictability of policies and regulations. Better coordination among a diverse set of governmental infrastructure bodies, and also between government and the private sector is needed to address infrastructure bottlenecks.     

Competition Policy Convergence: Where Next?

As the 20th Century dawned, there were radical divergences in the policies individual nations pursued toward restraints of competition by cartels and monopolies. Since World War II there has been considerable convergence; many nations have adopted explicit pro-competition policies. This paper traces the reasons for the divergence and then convergence and asks what important steps remain to be taken, especially where the concerns of international trade policy and competition policy intersect. A proposed augmentation of the World Trade Organization's functions to deal with competition policy issues is examined.     

Labor and behavior determinants of remittances in Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia is the second largest sender of international remittances. These remittances constitute large foreign capital inflows to labor‐exporting remittee economies. This study is the first to structurally decompose remittance dynamics into behavioral and labor market outcomes of migrants. Remittance outflows are decomposed into migrant labor supply, unemployment and participation rates, wage earnings, and the marginal propensity to remit (MPR) out of migrant earnings. The estimates suggest that migrant labor supply is highly elastic. The important driver of remittance dynamics is the MPR, migrant wages, and the labor supply of migrants. The MPR is found to respond counter‐cyclically to foreign gross domestic product.     

国际法视野下的被害人保护机制研究

被害人的地位在漫长的历史演进中不断更迭,被害人学的发展演变反映国际刑事政策对被害人保护研究的关注和重视,犯罪被害人的保护机制包括犯罪被害人补偿制度、犯罪被害人援助制度,刑事司法程序上被害人权益的保护以及犯罪人与被害人和解制度,加强对犯罪被害人保护机制的研究,可为我国未来的刑事政策和立法提供一种思路。     

上海国际金融中心建设的法制环境研究

建设上海国际金融中心,是国家的重大战略,需要加快推进。法制环境是国际金融中心所必须具备的一项要素,法制具有促进和保障国际金融中心建设的积极作用。上海国际金融中心的法制环境已有较好的基础,但也面临较大的挑战,要以落实国家与地方相关规范为契机,立足现实、脚踏实地,全面优化国际金融中心的法制环境。     

国际金融危机下完善中小企业税收优惠制度的法律思考

税收优惠是国家在税收方面给予纳税人和征税对象的各种优待的总称。在中国,99%的企业是中小企业。长期以来我国都有关于中小企业税收优惠的规定,从而促进了中小企业的快速发展。此次国际金融危机使我国中小企业的发展面临严峻挑战,保护中小企业迫切需要税收优惠政策的支持。完善中小企业税收优惠制度,对于帮助中小企业顺利度过难关,促进国民经济发展,维护社会稳定均有重大意义。本文通过借鉴当前金融危机形势下各国关于中小企业税收优惠制度的调整经验,对我国现存相关立法进行了全面剖析,并就完善该项制度提出几点建议。     

我国利用外资的现状及对策

我国应密切关注国际金融危机背景下国际资本流动格局的变化,及时调整政策,采取有效措施,统一外资立法,优化外商投资产业结构,加大服务业招商引资力度,创造良性发展的服务业引资环境,这样就可能化“危”为“机”,利用外资促进我国经济的发展。     

国际旅游城市形成发展的动力机制与发展模式研究

从国际旅游城市的个性特征出发,应用系统动力学的思维方法,分析国际旅游城市形成发展的主导驱动力量及耦合机制,提出国际旅游城市形成发展的四种驱动模式。     

国际贸易与文化制度差异的理论模型分析

国家间文化制度差异可以成为专业化分工和比较优势产生的原因之一,且这种差异并不会随着贸易的开展而消除,贸易不能促成国家间文化制度的融合,其巩固国家间文化制度差异,即使存在替代性文化制度均衡且向这种均衡的转变是帕累托改进的;向优等文化制度转变可能发生分配影响,在可能性条件下,雇员在封闭条件下可以通过转变获得福利提升,而雇主则相反.     

参与PPP能否减轻企业税负——基于准自然实验的证据

政府与社会资本合作（PPP）模式在解决公共服务供给不足问题的同时,也给社会资本方的经营带来影响。企业参与PPP与政府建立良好合作关系是否有助于其税负的减轻？基于PPP概念股上市公司数据,本文采用准自然实验框架实证研究了企业参与PPP对其税负的影响。研究结果表明：企业参与PPP提高了其避税程度,降低了税负水平。分行业看,建筑业效应在统计上最为显著,而电力、热力等市政建设类项目企业参与PPP后税负不降反升。分区域看,东部和中部地区企业参与PPP对其税负有显著的降低,而西部地区并不显著。政策启示是在严格执行显性税收优惠的同时,规范PPP项目中政府与企业之间的利益关系。