Commitment to Sustainability in Small and Medium‐Sized Enterprises: The Influence of Strategic Orientations and Management Values

Ecosystem degradation and social sustainability have become important issues in the corporate sphere during the last few decades. However, research discussing corporate social responsibility and related concepts has often focused on larger companies, sometimes neglecting the specifics of small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs). The main purpose of this study is to examine the relationships between two common strategic orientations, market orientation (MO) and entrepreneurial orientation (EO), in relation to sustainability commitment, sustainability practices and management values in SMEs. Questionnaire responses from 450 Swedish SMEs were analyzed, confirming the influence of MO, EO and sustainability practices on commitment to sustainability, implying that firms committed to sustainability see both market and entrepreneurial advantages of sustainability. The results also show that different parts of MO and EO differ in importance for commitment to sustainability among SMEs. Implications concern the importance for firms and policymakers to work with sustainability issues using both internal and external perspectives. © 2015 The Authors. Business Strategy and the Environment published by ERP Environment and John Wiley & Sons Ltd     

浅谈国有企业人力资源管理中存在问题与对策

文中通过文献资料法,并结合实践经验,阐述了人力资源管理的概念及特点,分析了我国国有企业人力资源管理中存在问题,为了解决这些问题,提出了相应的结论与对策,以期为有关人力资源管理工作者提供参考。     

房屋建筑工程监理管理的问题及创新策略试析

近年来,随着改革开放的不断推进,我国的社会发展在不断加快,经济水平越来越高,极大程度的改善了我国人民的生活环境和工作质量。与此同时越来越多的人们将发展的目光投入到房屋建筑工程当中,希望相关工程的整体安全水平能够有效发展,提高安全水平。本文主要针对房屋建筑工程监理管理工作过程中所出现的问题,以及对应的解决措施进行了分析和论述,旨在通过创新的方法来解决实际生活中遇到的问题,以供相关人士交流参考。     

Problems of Emergency Arbitration

This paper explores ethical burdens facing the economics profession which are associated with epistemic features of economic practice. Economists exert power over those they purport to serve by virtue of epistemic asymmetry between themselves and others, i.e., the intellectual monopoly they enjoy over a vitally important body of knowledge. But they also face the problem of epistemic insufficiency, which implies that they may do substantial harm as they try to do good. The paper explores the ethical entailments of the epistemic features of economics, and argues that managing the ethical challenges requires a new field of inquiry, the field of professional economic ethics, and not just a code of conduct.     

县域经济发展战略的"四点论"

县域经济就是以县域为基本单元进行资源配置的经济,其实质仍然是一种区域经济。虽然每个县发展条件差异很大,在实际工作中也各有高招,县域经济发展思路不断创新,但是从战略高度综合分析,县域经济发展需要抓好稳定、富县、富民、科学发展观四件大事。对此观点,我们称之为县域经济发展战略的“四点论”。     

浅谈国内外生态建筑的发展状况

生态建筑作为建筑界积极迎接可持续发展挑战做出的选择,是建筑界为应对能源危机和生态危机所做出的积极回应。国外对生态建筑的理论研究和实践探索已经历了相当长的时间,取得了丰硕的成果;而生态建筑在我国由于种种原因尚在起步阶段。当前我国生态建筑的研究缺乏广泛的实践,生态建筑研究的经济合理性始终不能解决,生态建筑应当符合地方自然、社会、经济、资源条件等。     

徐沟背棍旅游营销研究

徐沟背棍作为山西省民俗旅游的一大特色,拥有着独具特色的资源优势。然而,由于诸多因素的制约,徐沟背棍旅游营销还处在自发阶段,未能在山西旅游中形成“亮点”。合理应用营销策略,提高徐沟背棍的知名度,对于促进山西省民俗旅游的发展具有重要的意义。本文在分析徐沟背棍旅游营销优势的基础上,探讨了徐沟背棍旅游营销中存在的主要问题,重点提出了徐沟背棍的旅游营销策略。     

Biosimilars in North America

ABSTRACT

The United States (US) is the world leader in the development of biopharmaceutical products. These new drugs, numbering about 200, are now losing patent protection and imitators are entering the market of comparable drugs, called biosimilars. According to a popular belief, these producers of biosimilars (erroneously called copycats) are everywhere, except in the United States. In North America, on both sides of the US border, the increase in the number of biosimilar producers is evident. In addition, although the US federal government tries to erect barriers against the entry of foreign-made biosimilars in the country, many states are lobbying the federal government and allowing the use of biosimilars. And biosimilars represent a very convenient ladder for emergent and industrial countries to learn the enigmatic routines of the pharmaceutical industry. Where this segment of the industry will be located is another matter.     

Using Machine Learning for measuring democracy: A practitioners guide and a new updated dataset for 186 countries from 1919 to 2019

We provide a comprehensive overview of the literature on the measurement of democracy and present an extensive update of the Machine Learning indicator of Gründler and Krieger (2016). Four improvements are particularly notable: First, we produce a continuous and a dichotomous version of the Machine Learning democracy indicator. Second, we calculate intervals that reflect the degree of measurement uncertainty. Third, we refine the conceptualization of the Machine Learning Index. Finally, we significantly expand the data coverage by providing democracy indices for 186 countries in the period from 1919 to 2019.     

A comparison of adverse impact levels based on top‐down,multisource, and assessment center data: Promoting diversity and reducing legal challenges

We compared levels of adverse impact (AI) against minorities and women based on three promotional decision methods for 428 associate store managers of a Fortune 500 retailer: top‐down appraisal (TDA), multisource appraisal (MSA), and an assessment center (AC). We found significant effects for race and minority status (favoring whites) but no significant effects for gender across all three methods. Comparisons were analyzed using two definitions of AI (four‐fifths rule and the Fisher Exact Test) with a selection ratio (SR) of .25. No evidence of AI was found against blacks for any of the methods. For Hispanics, AI was found under the four‐fifths rule for the AC. For women, the four‐fifths rule was violated using TDA. Results provide some partial support for the argument that diversity goals are more likely to be met using assessment centers compared to TDA when the preponderance of raters are white men. Our data also suggest that carefully crafted, job‐related, top‐down appraisal, combined with rater training, may be effective in facilitating the promotion of more women and minorities and reducing the probability of legal problems. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.