我国海洋文化产业及其人才集聚模式优化研究

以滨海旅游业、涉海休闲业等为主的海洋文化产业在海洋经济中逐步显现其发展潜力和重要地位。海洋文化产业人才集聚对加快海洋文化产业发展,推动海洋文化产业经济升级具有重大意义。面对在海洋文化产业新型人才集聚过程中难以避免的种种问题,通过对国内海洋文化产业人才的集群现状分析,总结出人才集聚区域失衡、产业集聚效应不佳等问题,进而从人才集聚环境、集聚载体和分层次集聚模式等方面提出优化的对策和建议,以期促进海洋文化产业人才合理高效集聚。     

Conflicts over Space for Marine Leisure: A Case Study of Recreational Boating in Japan

As an island nation with long coastlines and many islands, Japan has abundant resources for marine tourism and leisure. However, coastal resorts and marine leisure are less prominent than might be expected. The main reason lies in the many conflicts surrounding access to the sea and its resources. Industrial and urban development along the coastlines and a strong fishing industry combined with traditional property rights compete with coastal tourism and marine leisure for the use of coast and sea. This paper discusses the roots of conflicts between marine tourism and leisure, and other economic activities or environmental issues, as well as conflicts between different types of coastal tourism and marine leisure. To this end, it uses recreational boating and connected activities like fishing and diving to examine the issue. It was found the situation in Japan is characterised by a dense web of rights, regulations, customs and power dynamics which has impeded the establishment of marine leisure as a recreational activity. Marine leisure has, however, developed some distinct features, and many compromises have been found on a piecemeal and local basis. Such compromises may be the only way not to divide fluid space, but share it.     

Drifting Rhinos and Fluid Properties: The Turn to Wildlife Production in Western Zimbabwe

This paper presents and analyzes a number of tensions that arose in the shift from extensive livestock production to wildlife ranching and tourism in a dispersed community of white farmers in western Zimbabwe. It sketches the broader context of that shift and considers some of its effects, including those on the small (black)farmers of neighbouring Communal Areas. The tensions highlighted and manifested between the ranchers of Mlilo include the necessary movement from a characteristic view of wildlife as 'vermin', destructive of the conditions for livestock (and crop) production, to an appreciation that they are an exploitable and valuable resource ('ecological capital'); and how inherited views and practices concerning the boundaries of private landed property are subverted by the demands of wildlife ranching.     

20世纪90年代中国海洋经济的高速增长与新世纪的展望

本文分析了９０年代中国海洋经济高速增长的原因,海洋经济增长速率,以及在国民经济中的比重、主要海洋产业部门增长及特点。展望了２１世纪－开发海洋世纪,中国海洋经济发展前景,并提出了中国建成为海洋强国及海洋经济可持续发展的对策与措施。     

Wildlife Tours in Australia: Characteristics,the Place of Science and Sustainable Futures

Wildlife tourism is one of the fastest growing tourism sectors worldwide. Across the world the number of tourists seeking close interaction with wildlife in their natural environment is growing. Understanding the interface between visitors (social) and wildlife (environmental) can make a critical contribution to the sustainability of this industry. This study examined wildlife tours in Australia. Questionnaires were posted to wildlife tour operators in Tasmania, Western Australia and Northern Territory, seeking information on the characteristics of tours, and the place of science and monitoring in their business. The results illustrate several similarities between wildlife and ecotourism, suggesting the benefits of increasing education and interpretation, both central features of ecotourism, to enhancing the sustainability of wildlife tourism. For tour operators, interactive activities included feeding, swimming with and touching wildlife, and the level of interaction was identified as high, making it imperative to better define interaction and develop species or group-specific protocols for sustainably managing these interactions. Lastly, this study showed a low level of engagement of scientists in protecting the wildlife of interest to tours. Given the centrality of science to sustainability, mechanisms for increasing this involvement particularly in impact research, through partnerships and other means, are critical for the long term sustainability of this industry.     

长三角海洋经济发展的问题和潜力探析

长三角沿海地区之间海洋资源既存在互补性,也存在一定的相似性,这为长三角海洋经济整合提供了有利条件,但也由于长三角海洋经济各自为政,其发展产生了诸多问题.长三角范围内的海洋资源主要集中在港口、海上旅游资源、渔业、滩涂等方面,存在的主要问题有大进大出和资源的粗放式利用、海洋科技的支撑水平不高、海洋经济发展尚缺少与之相适应的服务支撑体系等.文章根据长三角海洋资源分布和特点,通过剖析长三角海洋经济发展中的现状和存在的主要问题,结合世界性海洋经济发展趋势,对长三角未来海洋经济的发展趋势进行了分析判断,并得出了长三角主要海洋产业的发展潜力,即资源开发型海洋高新技术产业、以产品为导向的海洋高新技术产业、高技术和高附加值的涉海服务业等的发展潜力.     

生物工程技术在船舶防污染中的应用

随着航运业的蓬勃发展,船舶对海洋环境造成的污染也越来越严重,传统的物理方法和化学方法在处理船舶所造成的这些污染过程中已经难以满足治理需要,而生物工程技术凭借着效率高、安全、廉价、无毒的优良特性正逐渐应用在船舶污染防治中,为此本文着重论述了现代生物技术在船舶防污染和保护海洋生态环境中的应用。     

我国海洋经济区产业布局模型及评价体系分析

海洋产业布局必须遵循各要素投入在同一产业的边际产出相等,同时同一要素在不同产业的边际产出相等这一原则。在此原则之上,本文将WeaverThomas关于工业战略产业布局优化的模型应用到我国海洋经济区的产业布局上,通过组合指数值来分析我国海洋产业的优化布局问题。在具体进行海洋产业布局时,首先应该根据区位商指标来确定海洋经济区的比较优势,然后根据区内比较经济效率指标确定区域海洋主导产业,以及主导产业和相关产业的关联程度。在此基础上,运用相关指标对我国沿海11省市主要海洋产业的WT值进行计算,确定各产业的综合排序,以便合理配置海洋资源,优化海洋产业布局,实现我国海洋经济的和谐有序发展。     

我国海洋渔业第一产业劳动生产率的增长动力——基于转换份额分析法的实证分析

为研究我国海洋渔业第一产业劳动生产率增长的动力结构,运用转换份额分析法将1989-2014年我国海洋渔业第一产业劳动生产率增长率分解为由产业结构变迁引致的静态与动态结构变迁效应、由技术进步引致的生产率增长效应,结果显示生产率增长效应对海洋渔业第一产业劳动生产率的增长贡献远高于静态与动态结构变迁效应之和的贡献,静态与动态结构变迁效应之和的贡献表现为"先增大、后减少"态势,生产率增长效应的贡献表现为"先逐渐减少、后增大"态势。技术进步是海洋渔业第一产业劳动生产率增长的主要动力;海水养殖业对海洋渔业第一产业劳动生产率增长的贡献大于海洋捕捞业。     

Sushi or Fish Fingers? Seafood Diversity,Collapsing Fish Stocks,and Multispecies Fishery Management*

We present a model of a multispecies fishery, and we show the following. (i) Consumer preferences for seafood diversity can trigger a sequential collapse of fish stocks under open‐access fishery. (ii) The stronger the preferences are for diversity, the higher is the need for coordinated multispecies regulation. (iii) Second‐best optimal management of only one (or a few) species is less strict than socially optimal management of the same species. (iv) Myopic regulation of one species, ignoring spillovers to other species, can cause depletion of other stocks that would not be depleted under open access.