收入差距、劳动力流动与粮食生产

由收入差距引起的农村劳动力向城市和非农业转移在一定程度上对粮食生产产生负面影响。根据1990-2010年间省级面板数据估计结果,以2004年为分界点,2004年之前的收入差距对粮食增长具有显著的负面作用。根据经济发展程度和粮食安全状况将全国各省分为四类区域,欠发达地区粮食增产与地区经济差距的关系最明显。应重视缩小区域差距,加大对欠发达地区的投资,在当地创造就业机会,吸引农村劳动力回流,以促进当地农业生产。     

地区收入差距与收入流动性演进的比较分析:1978-2007年

由于二元经济结构的存在,尽管始自1978年的改革使我国地区间收入差距逐渐扩大,但地区间城镇、农村的收入差距仍处于较低水平。然而,恰恰是这种低水平的地区收入差距的背后却伴随着地区间机会不均等的进一步恶化,整个区间收入流动性逐渐下降,特别是20世纪90年代以来,地区间农村的两极固化格局已经形成,而城镇也呈现单极固化的趋势,这意味着地区间收入差距将持久存在。而且,地区间收入差距与收入流动性呈现协同变化特征。因此,缩小地区收入差距的关键在于扭转地区间机会不平等局面,增强地区间收入流动性。     

人口流动对区域创新能力的影响与空间效应——长江经济带三大城市群70城市的例证

人口流动改变了创新资源的空间配置,会对流入地和流出地的创新能力产生不同的影响,创新能力的空间相关性则导致人口流动对区域创新能力的影响具有空间效应。采用2006—2020年长江经济带三大城市群70个城市的面板数据,运用普通面板模型和空间杜宾模型分析表明：人口流入会促进本地创新,而人口流出会抑制本地创新;本地和邻近地区的人口净流入均有利于创新能力提升,人口流动影响区域创新能力具有显著的空间溢出效应;人口流动促进人口净流入地的创新能力并产生正向空间溢出效应,但会抑制人口净流出地的创新能力并产生负向空间溢出效应;劳动力人口流入正向影响创新能力并具有正向空间溢出效应,老年人口流入对创新能力的影响及空间效应不显著,但老年人口流入达到一定规模后有利于创新能力提升;人口流动对人口规模较大城市和距离中心城市较近城市创新能力的促进作用和空间溢出效应较强,不同的城市群也存在显著的异质性。因此,应采取差别化的人口流动引导政策,充分挖掘各年龄段流动人口的潜力,有效促进各地区的创新发展。     

East meets West: the case of Polish expatriates in the UK

This paper attempts to redress the balance in research on expatriation by exploring the experiences of an under-researched group of expatriates in an under-researched destination. Although there has been an increase in research on the adjustment of expatriates, the focus of IHRM research has, to date, tended to view the expatriation process through a narrow lens, emphasising the role of managers from affluent ‘Western’ countries working in less affluent countries. The growing numbers of multinationals and therefore expatriates from other countries means that the research agenda must be broadened, in this case to the experience of Poles in the UK. By focusing on expatriates from a former socialist economy we highlight the differing motives and experience of adjustment that they face. We show how the economic and social benefits of this East–West transfer can be a powerful motivating factor and may override adjustment difficulties. Furthermore, the analysis of East to West European expatriate transfers, from less to more developed nations, contributes to and widens the range of parent and host countries studied within the realm of expatriate adjustment.     

探索3G业务使用意愿的影响因素研究——以苏北地区在校大学生为例

随着信息产业部授予中国移动、中国联通、中国电信等三大通信公司移动通信服务许可证,酝酿已久的中国3G时代拉开帷幕。基于技术接受模型（TAM）、创新扩散理论以及移动性研究,建立3G业务使用意愿影响因素模型,通过对苏北地区在校大学生进行抽样调查,使用SPSS12.0进行数据分析,并建立回归方程进行验证,探究3G业务使用意愿的影响因素。     

Where Should the Elderly Live and Who Should Pay for Their Care?*

We consider a model with a population consisting of earners and retired persons; elderly care is publicly provided. There is one big city, where congestion effects and agglomeration forces are at work, and a number of small villages. We show how the externalities related to population mobility lead to an inefficient spatial distribution of earners and retirees, and we characterize the second‐best solution. Decentralization of this solution in a fiscal federalism structure requires the use of taxes and subsidies proportional to the number of earners and retired persons living in the city and the villages.     

Devaluation, Capital Formation, and the Current Account

This paper re-examines the effects of devaluation and a rise in the rate of devaluation on capital formation and the current account in an optimizing monetary model of a small open economy with endogenous labor, investment with adjustment costs, and perfect capital mobility. It is shown that devaluation leads to capital accumulation and a current-account deficit in the long run and during the adjustment process, whereas a rise in the rate of devaluation has an ambiguous impact on capital formation and the current account depending on the relationship between consumption and real balances in the utility function. If consumption and real balances are separable or complements, then a rise in the rate of devaluation produces capital decumulation and a current-account surplus in the long run as well as on the transition path. These results stand in sharp contrast with Calvo (1981). JEL Classification Numbers: F41     

社会资本如何影响农村居民代际收入流动性——基于CHIP数据的实证研究

基于 2013 年中国家庭收入调查（CHIP）数据,运用条件代际收入弹性法,探讨了不同类型社会资本对农村居民代际收入流动性的影响机制。实证研究结果表明,父代结构性社会资本和认知性社会资本均可以提升农村居民代际收入流动性,子代社会经济地位在父代结构性社会资本和代际收入流动性的关系中起到部分中介作用。进一步的异质性分析结果发现,父代结构性社会资本对不同性别子代和不同年代出生子代的代际收入流动性均有显著的促进作用,而父代认知性社会资本仅能够提升男性子代、以及 70 后和 90 后子代的代际收入流动性。此外,从代际收入流动模式来看,不管子代是从最低收入阶层流向中低收入阶层,还是由最低收入阶层流向中等以上收入阶层,父代结构性社会资本和认知性社会资本均可以提升农村居民代际收入流动性。     

Books and publications received

ABSTRACT

Economic theory predicts that regional wages will converge as transport and communication technologies bring labour markets together. An exploration of this transition from labour market segmentation to unification requires long-term evidence of nominal wages and cost of living by region. This paper presents new evidence of wages for male manufacturing workers and cost-of-living indices across 24 Swedish counties between 1860 and 2009. Our findings indicate that the Swedish regional wage differentials were a great deal larger in the 1860s than in the 2000s. Most of the compression took place between the 1860s and World War I, as well as in the 1930s and during World War II. Differences in expenditures on housing impact on our assessment of convergence in the post-World War II decades: the nominal measure declines, while the real one stays constant. Our concluding discussion engages with the assumption that before World War I, regional wage convergence was associated with labour mobility, spurred by improved communication and transportation technologies as well as by the implementation of modern employment contracts. In the 1930s and 1940s, in contrast, regional wage convergence can be traced to high unionisation and centralised collective bargaining in the labour market, two distinguishing features of the Swedish Model.