Boom, bust, and the poor: Poverty dynamics in the Middle East and North Africa, 1970–1999

This paper analyzes changes in poverty and inequality in the Middle East and North Africa. It finds that the structural relationship between poverty reduction, income growth and distribution is the same for MENA and other developing economies. Prior to 1985 rapid growth sharply reduced poverty. After 1985, despite very low income growth, a rising share of income accruing to the lowest quintile meant that the average income of the poor rose more rapidly than that of the non-poor. These unusual poverty dynamics were primarily due to international migration. Remittances both increased per capita incomes in labor exporting countries and increased the share of income accruing to the poor.     

Accounting practices and professional power dynamics during a crisis

This paper examines how changes in accounting practices during a crisis can affect organisational dynamics between hospital managers and clinicians. Our theoretical framework applies a multi-dimensional concept of power (Hardy, 1996) – which distinguishes power over resources, processes and meaning – to a longitudinal case study of a public university hospital during a budgetary crisis. Based on interviews with managers and clinicians, three successive time intervals with distinct power constellations are identified. Initially, we identify a pre-crisis phase where management formally controls resources, which seems to have limited effects on clinician dominance because managers lack ‘processual power’ and ‘power of meaning’. Next, an implantation phase emerges whereby the introduction of mandated budget cuts triggers shifts in the distribution of power, such that managers acquire power by securing the collaboration of clinicians – a phenomenon which has tangible benefits in terms of enabling budget compliance and increased service provision. Finally, the third phase may be conceptualized as a fiscal pressure regimen whereby, when budgetary pressures intensify further, management's newly gained ‘power of meaning’ is eroded because management are now seen to pursue unrealistic demands. Drawing on research insights gleaned during each phase, our analysis contributes to extant literature in at least three ways. First, we present novel findings regarding the impact of crises-related applications of accounting practices on intra-organisational power constellations. Second, our work highlights how accounting practices help shape the understanding of crisis, which, in turn, impacts the distribution of organizational power and influences intra-organizational patterns of collaboration. Third, we find that awareness of the meaning power of accounting practices can help shape strategic action in crisis situations.     

监督:民主政治建设的关键

防止公共权力滥用的有效途径是建设民主政治,加强监督。监督是民主政治制度的关键所在,没有监督就没有民主。     

经济法框架下的国家权力 社会经济权力 社会经济权利

人类社会从野蛮时代向国家社会的发展中伴随着社会权力向国家权力的演变。但是,在国家权力取代社会权力而对社会发展起主导性作用的同时,社会权力又有很大保留。作为社会权力中的社会经济权力在法律层面上就独立于国家权力而存在。社会经济权力存在的基础是社会公共利益的独立性及其与国家利益不同质性。国家在保护阶级利益的同时,维护确认了部分社会利益,在此基础上才形成了社会经济权利。     

国有战略性竞争行业的竞争力、调整方式及发展趋势

本文分析了国有经济介入到战略性竞争行业中的原因。运用主成分分析方法,对战略性竞争行业国有经济的竞争力进行了实证分析,得出战略性竞争行业国有经济的竞争力得分、排名及竞争力走势,并对战略性竞争行业中国有经济的调整方式及发展趋势进行了探讨。     

河北工业竞争力报告——关注河北制造业的现状与发展

通过测定河北省制造业28个行业的市场占有率、竞争优势系数及增加值结构,明确了各行业在市场优势、竞争优势、规模优势及时间序列等四维坐标系中的定位及走向,提出了提高河北省制造业竞争力的建议。     

零售产业通路费现象及我国公共政策的选择

国内外有关零售产业通路费是促进竞争还是限制竞争的争论存在重大分歧。这些分歧导致政府无法为通路费建立和实施一个明确的指导方针 ,而只能根据已有的反垄断法对具体的案例进行裁决。现阶段 ,我国通路费运作中存在许多问题 ,比如名目繁多 ,且收取过程中存在违法行为等等。因此 ,我国政府应加强调查研究 ,尽快制定相关法律规范通路费的运作     

通过量化分析看西南地区的旅游竞争力

运用层次分析法，对全国八大片区（以34座城市作为代表）的旅游竞争力进行了考量、排序，并以昆明、成都、贵阳和重庆四城市为主视角，对西南地区近年来的旅游业绩给予中肯评价。     

提高我国大型企业国际竞争力的对策

随着我国经济贸易的全面开放,市场竞争日益激烈,如何提高企业的国际竞争力,是我们亟待解决的紧迫课题.我国大型企业也只有不断提高企业国际竞争力,才能应对国际化竞争的各种挑战,从而不断提高我国的综合竞争实力.增强企业国际竞争力,需要从企业内部和外部进行双方面的努力,在内部进行竞争力各要素的科学组合,选择决定性要素加以重点强化,同时也需要为之提供良好的外部环境.     

社会力量"办学自主权"之思考

社会力量办学正成为我国教育事业的重要组成部分,但其办学自主权尚未明确界定.要研究社会力量办学的学校的学籍、教师管理、招生制度、教育评估等问题,完善管理法规,落实其办学自主权.