外商直接投资、进口贸易与全要素生产率——基于省域制造业的实证研究

本文以2000-2011年的省域制造业面板数据为基础,考察了外商直接投资和进口贸易对全要素生产率的影响。通过对全要素生产率的地区变化的横截面及不同时期的分解对比,本文的实证分析结果发现进口贸易和外商直接投资对全要素生产率的提高均具有正的促进作用,这表明,在不损害国家总体贸易政策的前提下加强进口和引进FDI是一种提高全要素生产率的较好方式。     

我国食品业全要素生产率增长及区域差异分析

本文基于DEA的Malmquist TFP指数方法,对我国31个省市2003-2010年食品业三个子行业全要素生产率增长进行测算,并将其分解为技术效率改善和技术进步。结果表明:三个食品子行业TFP增长主要源于技术进步,效率改善贡献较小;食品制造和饮料制造全要素生产率增长明显快于农副食品业。接着本文分析了三个子行业市场份额增长超过全国平均水平省市的TFP增长情况,找出存在粗放型增长倾向的具体省市。     

Economic Stagnation and Crisis in Korea during the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries

In contrast to rapid economic growth in the twentieth century, Korea suffered a long economic decline in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, with the failure accelerating from 1850 to 1890. According to 36 different harvest records, rice productivity continuously declined from the early eighteenth to the late nineteenth centuries due to deforestation and increase in natural disasters. Contraction of rural markets after the interruption of trade with Japan also contributed to the decrease in rice production. The third reason for the nineteenth‐century crisis was the dissolution of the government‐led grain storage and redistribution system. Finally, the ultimate culprit for the crisis could be found in Confucianism with which the Joseon Dynasty was unable to properly understand and respond to the crisis.     

制造业部门劳动生产率比较研究——基于浙江地区与国内外制造业的实证分析

劳动生产率提高是经济增长的主要源泉,是内生型增长的决定性因素,也是实现收入翻番的基本支撑。处于沿海发达地区的浙江制造业劳动生产率,不及全国平均水平,也仅为美日韩等先进国家的1/4或1/5左右,劳动生产率提升较为滞后。在当前制度红利和"人口红利"逐渐消失的背景下,抓住城镇化、信息化和全球生产制造方式变革机遇,注重发挥"三个效应",即追赶效应、丹尼森效应和鲍默效应,着力创造"劳动生产率红利",继续形成对发达经济体的较快追赶步伐和推动增长模式升级。     

中国区域绿色发展效率与绿色全要素生产率：2000—2010——基于参数共同边界的实证研究

本文运用参数化共同边界与Luenberger生产率指标相结合的方法,研究环境约束下2000—2010年中国区域绿色发展效率和绿色全要素生产率增长。实证结果表明,与中西部地区相比,东部地区不仅绿色发展效率高,而且生产技术水平更加贴近潜在水平;总体上,东部地区绿色全要素生产率是进步的,而中西部地区却表现出负增长的现象,东部地区效率变化和技术进步的表现皆优于中西部地区.进一步的分解结果显示,纯技术进步成为了推动我国绿色全雩素生产率增长的主要动力,而纯效率变化的贡献较小甚至对生产率增长产生消极的作用;从纯粹技术追赶来看,东部地区的生产技术不断靠近潜在生产技术,而中西部地区则表现出生产技术愈发落后于潜在水平的趋势;潜在技术相对变动方面,三大区域都表现出技术发展空间不断压缩的现象。     

Is there a slowdown in agricultural productivity growth in South America?

This article estimates agricultural productivity growth in 10 South American countries in 1969–2009 with the objective of investigating if the slowdown being measured in other countries is present in the region. Results show that productivity growth accounts for half of the three‐fold increase in agricultural output during this period and that performance is sensitive to R&D investments in the sector. The slowdown found for the 1990s to 2000s in the U.S. and some European economies does not seem to be present yet in South America. The region's total factor productivity (TFP) growth rate increased steadily from 1.07% during the 1970s to 2.29% during the 2000s. Given lags in adoption and the adaptive nature of innovations in these economies, we have yet to see the potential effects in South American agriculture of decreases in R&D in advanced economies.     

The Role of Product-Level Dynamics in Export Growth and Productivity: Evidence from Estonia

Recent empirical studies of international trade have stressed that firm-level decisions about the number of export products or markets are an important margin of adjustment in response to globalization and changes in economic conditions. We investigate how decisions about the export product mix are associated with aggregate export dynamics and productivity of firms. We use detailed data on product and export market levels for the full population of Estonia's firms. Decomposition analysis of trade flows shows that both the relative importance of firms' beginning to export products and the role of product-level churning (firms' adding and dropping of products) in total Estonian export growth increases significantly after accession to the European Union in 2004. We show that concentration on core competence products has a rather different association with productivity of firms in different-size groups. Large firms with a large number of different types of export products gain, on average, in terms of productivity from concentrating their export sales on their core export products. There is no such general regularity in the case of small firms.     

论财富——实现中国梦的四大支柱

物质财富是生产力发展的结晶,是消费水平提高的前提,又是积累和扩大再生产的物质基础。社会主义精神文明是社会制度的本质特征,是社会主义制度的精神支柱,关系到社会主义制度优越性发挥、党和国家的前途和命运。世界上没有一个国家像我国有这么多劳动者和智力资源,这是我国最重要的物质财富,活劳动是生产中最积极的决定性因素,这是我国发展的支柱和资源,是决定我国必然发展兴盛的最根本的物质力量。走社会主义道路,建立中国特色社会主义制度,是我国发展繁荣、人民幸福的根本制度保障。     

事务所多元化经营与生产效率——基于事务所的平衡面板数据

本文运用2006年至2010年45家事务所的平衡面板数据,基于Malmquist生产效率指数计算事务所的动态生产效率,并进而针对事务所多元化经营与生产效率的内在关联展开分析.研究发现,由于纯技术效率变化的增长幅度较小,注册会计师行业生产效率提升的主要驱动因素是技术水平进步和规模效率进步;执行多元化经营的事务所相比于仍然仅专注提供传统审计业务的事务所,获得了更大的技术进步、更高的规模效率改善,以及更高的生产效率进步;进一步区分不同类型事务所,本土大型事务所的“先动者”没有获取更大的生产效率进步,及相应分解项的改善,本土事务所的“早期从众者”则不仅获得了更高的生产效率进步,也获取了更大的技术进步和更高的规模效率改善.     

The historical roots of India’s service-led development: A sectoral analysis of Anglo-Indian productivity differences, 1870-2000

India fell further behind the UK in terms of GDP per capita and overall labour productivity between the 1870s and the 1970s, but has been catching-up since. This paper offers a sectoral analysis of these trends. Comparative India/UK labour productivity in agriculture has declined continuously, and agriculture still accounts for around two-thirds of employment in India. Agriculture thus played a key role in India’s falling behind and has subsequently slowed down the process of catching up. Although there have been substantial fluctuations in comparative India/UK labour productivity in industry, this sector has exhibited no long run trend. The only sector to exhibit an upward trend in comparative India/UK labour productivity is services. India’s recent emergence as a dynamic service-led economy thus appears to have long historical roots. Although India has been characterised by relatively low levels of physical and human capital formation overall, its education provision has historically been unusually skewed towards secondary and tertiary levels. This has provided a limited supply of high productivity workers who have been employed predominantly in services.