跨政区旅游区整合发展分析

跨政区旅游区是一种特殊的旅游区。由于在旅游开发过程中利益主体的复杂性,使得旅游区的发展受到行政区划的影响,制约了旅游区整体效益的发挥。就跨政区旅游区发展问题进行探讨,分析了跨政区旅游区形成原因和组成方式,指出了跨政区旅游区的特点和发展中存在的问题,提出了整合的主要原则,并对整合的模式作了探讨,旨在寻找促进跨政区旅游区可持续发展的途径。     

R.G. Hawtrey on the national and international lender of last resort

Abstract

This paper traces R.G. Hawtrey's main contributions to the theory of the lender of last resort (LLR), both national and international (ILLR). This theory is a continuation of one of the traditions of the classical period, started by Henry Thornton, which differs in important points from that of Walter Bagehot. In their treatment of the classical concepts the authors partly depart from the interpretation of Thomas M. Humphrey, who considers that Thornton and Bagehot have basically the same approach about LLR. Hawtrey renewed Thonton's views and extended the concepts to new problems, including the ILLR. Hawtrey built a model of LLR in a dynamic macroeconomic model that includes the Cambridge market for cash balance and introduces the bases of a theory of ILLR, describing the sequence of twin crisis, exchange and banking crisis, thus explaining the difficulties for an ILLR to act on the currency market without taking the risks involved, in a situation completely different to the one faced on the money market by the national LLR.     

Socialism after Hayek: A Post Keynesian Contribution to Burczak's Theory of Social Justice

The paper presents a brief overview of the basic premise of the Burczak's Socialism after Hayek, and shows that Burczak's “applied epistemological postmodernism” presents a unique unifying ground for heterodox economics, breaking down traditional barriers between right and left. This new approach allows us to revisit the Marx-Keynes-Hayek debates in a more constructive way for a unified theory of social justice. However, we argue that Burczak's system does not automatically guarantee full employment, so it cannot be considered an ideal theory of social justice. A Post Keynesian contribution is presented in the form of the Employer of Last Resort (ELR) program which we argue is compatible and complementary to Burczak's theory of social justice. Finally, we argue that an adequate system design of the magnitude proposed here must be infomed by the principles of institutional adjustment as outlined by J. Fagg Foster.     

度假酒店（村）的健康体验经营管理研究——以广东江门市古兜温泉旅游度假村为例

由于目标市场差异,度假酒店（村）与商务酒店、观光酒店、经济酒店的经营理念与价值取向有着本质差异,前者经营的是健康,后者经营的是事务。度假酒店（村）经营需要从关注顾客的身心健康出发,将健康元素融入到空间环境、产品项目、服务过程与管理过程以及社区互动中,形成健康主韪,化为企业文化;并通过主题的品牌化,品牌的资本化,实现品牌经营。广东江门市古兜温泉旅游度假村首次将“健康”作为经营理念与价值取向贯穿于整个度假村,开辟了我国健康主题度假酒店（村）的先河,但仍需持续完善。     

乡村度假模式创新——服务经济休闲化趋势与管理对策

我国乡村旅游经历了一轮较快的原始积累之后,逐步迎来快速发展时期,一种新型旅游形式——乡村度假逐渐成为市场的新宠。由于农村居民的整体素质与城市居民存在一定差距,不能照搬城市里标准化的城市经营模式,因此需要对乡村度假模式进行技术创新,以使其适应农村居民的实际情况,同时又符合服务经济休闲化发展趋势,使休闲化的度假模式成为乡村经济再发展的契机。文章同时对服务经济休闲化过程中城市居民表现出来的消费特征进行分析与对策研究。     

度假酒店顾客信息搜寻行为影响因素研究

度假酒店产品的特殊性决定了顾客在其购买决策过程中会表现出不同于实物产品购买的信息搜寻行为。在文献综述的基础上,提出了度假酒店顾客信息搜寻行为影响因素模型,并通过网络调研和实地调研收集了334份有效问卷,利用SPSS 17.0和AMOS 17.0进行统计分析,验证了研究假设,修正了研究模型,并得出了以下主要结论：影响度假酒店顾客信息搜寻行为的主要因素为搜寻态度、卷入程度、感知收益,而产品知识、搜寻成本、感知风险对顾客信息搜寻行为的影响不显著;不同的顾客群体在信息源的选择上存在不同的偏好。     

Oligopoly and the resort cycle in the Bahamas

Markusen's “profit cycle” and the influence of oligopoly are applied to Butler's notion of the resort cycle. The stagnation and decline associated with the latter stages of the resort cycle can be explained by industrial organization and the oligopolistic position of the major suppliers. The study area of Paradise Island (Bahamas) appears to be a clear example of how the corporate strategies of a major supplier can dramatically influence the resort cycle process. Resorts subjected to long-term oligopoly can experience eventual declines in the number of visitors because of an emphasis on market share and competitive stability, at the expense of innovation and diversification.     

The resort cycle and second homes

Second homes are a major feature of tourism in much of North America and Western Europe. Unfortunately, many models are not applicable to the unique aspects of cottage tourism. This article examines a widely accepted resort cycle concept in order to determine its applicability to second homes. The study area of Sauble Beach (Ontario, Canada) at first appears to be a clear example of the stagnation and decline stages of the resort cycle. However, the inclusion of the growth of residential development and cottage conversions reveals that despite its substantial decline in conventional tourism, the area is actually experiencing a revival. Consequently, a refinement to the resort cycle is proposed whereby a decline in tourism is counteracted by a stabilization reaction. The stage is portrayed graphically using a proposed associated cycle of the average length of stay by visitors and residents.     

The Grand Isle,Louisiana resort cycle

Grand Isle, the most popular resort on the Louisiana Gulf Coast, has experienced an increase in shoreline erosion and a decrease in attractiveness in recent decades. Viewing the historical evolution of the resort within the framework of Butler's “resort cycle” reveals that cultural processes are largely responsible for these developments. Individual stages of resort evolution on Grand Isle have been accompanied by changes in settlement patterns, changes in environmental perception, and increasing effort to “fix” a naturally dynamic shoreline. Attempts to maintain a stable beachfront have only heightened the problem and helped propel Grand Isle into the stagnation stage of the resort cycle. Past adherence to the resort evolution model indicates onset of the decline stage. Whether a major beach nourishment/island protection project completed in late 1984 represents more than a temporary rejuvenation of the resort depends upon its effectiveness.     

我国中小型湖泊旅游度假区开发现状分析

我国130多个省级以上的旅游度假区，其中1/3为湖泊型的。经过11年的发展，大部分湖泊旅游度假区现已处于停滞阶段，少部分仍处于良性发展阶段。为什么会形成这样的现状?为什么我国湖泊的度假旅游难于发展呢?本文结合国内外的4个案例对此进行分析，指出了我国湖泊观光旅游的7个影响因素以及度假旅游发展的一些制约条件。