The Potential of Interdisciplinarity for Leisure Research

Abstract

Knowledge about preferences for campsite attributes is needed so that management strategies can be guided by users’ preferences for settings and experiences. However, results of campsite choice studies have shown great variability across settings. Reexamination of this research shows a hierarchical typology of attributes: most important are necessity attributes, which supply basic camping needs, followed by experience attributes, which enhance preferred experience outcomes, and finally amenity attributes, which are relatively minor but can improve site quality. A survey of Whitewater boaters confirmed the predicted order of attribute importance and generally supported the proposed definitions of attribute types. A tentative model of campsite choice is offered in which sites are evaluated first for their ability to provide necessity attributes, then experience attributes, and finally, if more than one potential site remains, amenity attributes. Constraints may cut the evaluation process short anytime after the initial (necessity attribute) stage.     

Age of first hunting experience: Results from a nationwide recreation survey

Abstract

Hunting participation, as indicated in the 1983 Nationwide Recreation Survey, is examined to determine the relationship between age of first hunting experience and adult level of participation. A statistically significant association between these two variables is found. In addition, more than 83 percent of those who hunt began their involvement by 18 years of age. The findings have implications for future hunting participation and the provision of programs for hunters.     

Recreational behavior of onshore and offshore oil industry employees in Newfoundland,Canada

Abstract

This paper discusses the results of surveys of oil industry employees in Newfoundland, Canada, working both onshore and offshore on rigs and supply boats. The surveys reveal the different recreational behavior of respondents compared to local residents, and the unique and restricted environments in which they live and work while offshore. The analysis covers the leisure time activities both offshore and onshore, and the effects of the relocation to Newfoundland upon the recreational behavior of the sample. Conclusions discuss the significance of relocation upon recreation behavior, and implications for planning, provision, and operation of leisure opportunities in coastal zone areas affected by hydrocarbon development.     

Urban recreation research: An overview

Despite the fact that the population of the United States ha shifted from largely rural to largely urban in this century, the commitment to research in recreation, inadequate as it is, has remained in the hinterlands. There is no critical mass of recreation researchers focusing on urban recreation as there now is focused on outdoor recreation. Urban recreation studies have been noncumulative in nature due to the wide range their sponsors, staff, substantive topics, lack of generalizability, and inevitable tensions between practitioners and researchers. Ironically, urban recreational research, and support of it, has diminished in this country at the same time that there has been an increasing concern for such information and knowledge. The future looks bleak insofar as the development of a strong, major, national urban recreation research program is concerned.     

Ethnic factors and the use of public outdoor recreation areas: The case of Mexican Americans

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of subculture, marginality, and perceived discrimination on use of selected public outdoor recreation areas. The assimilation perspective from the sociology literature provided theoretical guidance for the study. These concepts were treated as different types of social distance (cultural distance, socioeconomic distance, and intergroup distance). Each was hypothesized to affect the use of outdoor recreation areas. Data for this analysis came from telephone interviews conducted with 1057 households in Maricopa and Gila counties in Arizona. The analysis was conducted using a subsample of respondents of Mexican ancestry. The results support the socioeconomic, or marginality, hypothesis. There was less support for the subcultural, or ethnicity, hypothesis. There was no support for the perceived discrimination hypothesis. Research implications and recommendations are discussed.     

Community participation in outdoor recreation and the development of Millennium Greens in England

A growth in community participation (CP) in outdoor recreation provision and maintenance emerged from the post-war voluntary movement but from the 1970s, discrete initiatives were spawned in the context of management experiments, threats to urban open space from development, the enhancement of forestry recreation opportunities and European funding to remoter rural areas. A shift in the style of government from an executive to an enabling role in the 1980s and 1990s has formalized CP in public policy. This has been exploited in CP for the rights of way system and in the provision of new recreation areas: Millennium Greens. An assessment of some of the characteristics of CP in Millennium Greens is provided in relation to motivations for their development, the support of the community, the social characteristics of those affected, their spatial distribution and raised expectations where schemes have been unsuccessful. It is concluded that some executive state controls over such schemes are necessary to ensure their effective operation but this too can be enhanced by involving communities in policy formulation as well as in development and implementation. There is some evidence to suggest that governmental enabling policies benefit those who are already most enabled relative to the more marginal sectors of society and this issue merits further research.     

Desired recreation companionship and travel behaviour of people with disabilities

This study examines whether people with disabilities(PWD) participate in leisure and travel activities with their desired companions and if there are discrepancies between their social networks and real recreation companions. The recreation companionship and travel behaviour of PWD have not been thoroughly explored, particularly in non-Western contexts. Accordingly, data were collected from 494 respondents in South Korea, and findings suggest that there was a significant gap between companions PWD desire and those they actually maintain. Travel and tourism were the least frequent recreation activities for PWD. The results can provide managerial implications regarding practices of inclusive and accessible tourism.     

灰岩地区桩底地下暗河连通溶洞综合处理技术

文章以广（州）梧（州）高速公路河口至双凤段大庆桥的工程为例,总结了2条桩底存在相互连通的地下暗河的情况下,对其进行综合加固处理的施工经验,并介绍了灰岩地区桩底暗河的探查、机理分析及具体处理措施。     

Books Reviewed

Books reviewed:
Singer, S. Fred. Hot Talk Cold Science: Global Warming's Unfinished Debate
Hogg, Dominic, ed. Technological Change in Agriculture: Locking in to Genetic Uniformity
Ingersent, Ken A., and A. J. Rayner. Agricultural Policy in Western Europe and the United States
Smil, Vaclav. Feeding the World: A Challenge for the Twenty-First Century
Yang, Yongzheng and Tian, Weiming, eds. China's Agriculture at the Crossroad
Lal, Deepak. Unintended Consequences: The Impact of Factor Endowments, Culture, and Politics on Long-Run Economic Performance
Opschoor, J(Hans). B., Kenneth Button, and Peter Nijkamp, eds. Environmental Economics and Development
Hamilton, James T., and W. Kip Viscusi. Calculating Risks? The Spatial and Political Dimensions of Hazardous Waste Policy     

农村水利工程移民社会保障方案研究——以江苏省“里下河洼地治理工程”为例

水利工程移民社会保障在实践中存在误区和实施困境,正确、合理解决水利工程移民社会保障问题,是建立水利工程移民合理、规范、多元保障机制的重要内容之一。论文运用公共政策理论和社会保障基本理论,以经济发达的江苏省水利工程为例,结合现行水利工程移民安置政策要求,通过分析土地对移民失地前的保障作用,发现现行"社会保障安置方式"存在误区;社会保障是移民多元保障机制的基础;移民纳入城乡社会保障体系的内容应包括城乡居民最低生活保障、养老保险、医疗保险、失业保险。构建移民社会保障资金需求计算方法,以里下河洼地治理工程为例,运行定量方法,测算了移民社会保障资金需求,分析了征地补偿资金和社保资金平衡问题,提出资金缺口的筹措方案。