外部性与产业增长——来自中国省级面板数据的研究

本文利用我国29个省、市、自治区25个产业的面板数据研究了外部性对于地区产业增长的影响,结果发现:在全国样本范围内,专业化水平与产业增长之间存在着负向关系;竞争程度与地区产业增长之间存在着正向关系;多样化程度与产业增长之间存在着一种非线性关系,当多样化程度较低时,多样化不利于产业增长,而当多样化水平较高时,多样化则会促进产业增长。在分地区分产业的分析中,产业多样化水平对经济增长的作用在很大程度上取决于产业的性质(高度规模经济产业或低度规模经济产业)及产业的地理区位(沿海地区或内陆地区)。     

审计师行业专长对审计重要性水平的影响——基于股权性质的调节作用研究

审计师行业专长意味着在特定领域较强的专业胜任能力,对于防范审计风险和提高审计质量都有显著影响。围绕审计师行业专长影响审计重要性水平这一主题,结合股权性质的调节作用,选取2016—2018年沪深两市A股上市公司作为研究对象,进行实证检验。结果表明,审计师行业专长对重要性水平有正向影响,如果被审计单位是国有控股上市公司,审计师行业专长与重要性水平的正相关关系更显著。这对审计机构人力资源配置、监管部门完善相关制度及监督工作具有参考价值。     

探索采油企业水务管理的有效途径和方法

随着社会经济的快速发展,水资源短缺,水质恶化,人类将面临着严重的淡水资源危机。通过了解我国水资源情况,分析了油田水资源利用存在的问题,提出油田实施专业化管理的必要性和管理思路,从加强制度建设、完善基础设施、开展宣传教育等方面着手,为油田今后水务工作的开展,提出了建议,达到建设节水型油田的目的。     

中国和新加坡商品贸易实证研究

自中国和新加坡建交以来,伴随着两国经济增长,双边贸易有了较大的发展。中新双边贸易强度不断增强,但指数并不高,贸易合作前景广阔。相对而言,中国的比较优势指数不如新加坡,新加坡在双边贸易中略占优势。中新双边贸易主要以产业内贸易为主,这些产业内贸易主要集中在几个少数的产品;中新的产业内贸易并不是基于水平分工的产业内贸易,而是基于垂直分工的产业内贸易。     

我国各行业国际产品内贸易发展水平——基于垂直专业化指数法的测算

当前国际产品内贸易发展水平的测度主要包括联合国广义分类法(BEC)、加工贸易替代法以及垂直专业化指数法(VSS)。以VSS方法计算的结果表明,近年来,我国初级产品部门和资源密集型行业国际产品内贸易水平都呈下降趋势;高技术部门和劳动密集型行业的产品内贸易水平提升较快;服务贸易内各行业的国际垂直分工也有大幅度提升。     

江西省制造业产业集聚、地区专业化与经济增长实证研究

采用2006-2009年江西省11地级市20个制造业构成的时间—地区—行业的三维面板数据,实证分析产业集聚、地区专业化与经济增长的关系.结果表明,产业集聚、地区专业化与经济增长之间的关系并不是简单的线性关系,而是呈现倒U型的关系,并运用新地理经济学的相关理论分析拐点出现的原因.结果表明:追求经济增长最大化时,加工制造业较非加工制造业需要更高的专业化水平,非加工制造业较加工制造业需要更高的集聚水平;要素禀赋高的鄱阳湖地区较要素禀赋低的非鄱阳湖地区可以达到更高的产业集聚、地区专业化水平;江西省11个地区的产业集聚、专业化水平远没有达到经济增长最大时的水平..     

Serious Leisure and Recreation Specialization: An Uneasy Marriage

A case is made to wed research on serious leisure and recreation specialization. Before such a marriage can occur, the strengths and differences of the two perspectives must be examined. In this article, four important contributions of the recreation specialization are put forward that will further our understanding of serious leisure and intense forms of leisure. These are (1) there is diversity among participants involved in the same leisure activity, (2) we can quantify recreation specialization and serious leisure, (3) there are gradations of seriousness and specialization, and (4) there are practical applications of understanding that participants vary along a specialization continuum.     

Applying the Theory of Recreation Specialization to Better Understand Recreationists’ Preferences for Value-Added Service Development

This study examined recreationists’ preferences for the development of value-added recreation products and services using the theory of recreation specialization. A choice modeling method was employed to evaluate the value-added products and services in the for-hire fishing boat industry. Data were collected through a mail survey using Florida saltwater fishing license holders as a study population. Study results indicated that anglers were interested in experiencing new attributes of boat fishing trips besides traditionally fishing-oriented aspects. Further, the results also provided evidence that heterogeneous preferences existed by level of recreation specialization. Study findings generally supported the proposition that as anglers become more involved in fishing activity, their focus expands from activity-specific to activity-general fishing experiences; thus, high specialization anglers likely attach high importance to nonfishing attributes. Managerial implications pertaining to the development of effective recreation products and services are discussed.     

Progression,Stability, or Decline? Sociological Mechanisms Underlying Change in Specialization Among Birdwatchers

Using a panel of American birdwatchers collected in 1997 and 2002, we tested the extent to which birdwatchers progressed over a five-year period. The impact different career contingencies and life course events had on predicting change in birdwatchers' behavior, skill, and commitment was also examined. Findings indicated that although progression characterized some birdwatchers' participation, involvement by others was better characterized by stability or decline, which was true for each of the indicators used to measure specialization. Career contingencies and life course changes had only a moderate influence on predicting change in the specialization indicators over time. Support from family members and retirement were the best predictors of change in specialization.     

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Abstract

In this study we examined the effect of specialization on behavioral choice among Wisconsin goose hunters, who were able to choose a relatively easy hunt at the Horicon Marsh or a more complex hunt in the exterior zones. Past research has shown that more specialized recreationists have differing motives, attitudes, satisfaction levels, crowding perceptions, environmental preferences, and management preferences. Our goal in this study was to extend this research to behavioral choices and to learn more about the dimensions of specialization in goose hunting. Specialization did not predict behavioral choice among the sample. Specialization, as measured by past experience, commitment, media involvement, club membership, and preferred hunting style, did not differ significantly when comparing Horicon goose hunters and exterior zone hunters. Novice hunters hunted alongside experienced hunters, and behavioral choice appeared to be more a function of structural constraint than attitu‐dinal preference. Specialization did explain differences in hunter judgments of quality, correlating negatively with shooting and bagging and positively with social and natural components of a quality experience. These findings indicate that although the specialization framework can effectively predict attitudinal differences among participants in a given activity, it is less efficient at predicting behavioral choice. Consequently, specialization researchers need to be cautious about inferring levels of specialization from observations of locational choice.