Rural Adaptation in Russia: Who Responds and How Do We Measure It?

Utilizing survey data from 800 households in five regions of Russia, this article attempts to measure adaptation to reform stimuli according to socio-economic strata. While the orthodox literature has emphasized rural resistance to reform, in fact one of the main analytical obstacles is differentiating between adaptive and survival strategies. Time horizon is used as the primary criterion to distinguish between adaptive and survival behaviour. The article analyses adaptive responses by examining the use of rural credit, the operation of a household business, the enlargement of household land plots and a set of attitudes that taken together comprise an 'entrepreneurial spirit'.     

Ludic and liminoid aspects of charter yacht tourism in the Caribbean

The behavior of charter yacht tourists in the British Virgin Islands can be viewed as a symbolic expression and an inversion of the central sexual and social ideologies of the tourists' home culture. The paper analyses the behavior as a form of play, following Huizinga and Norbeck, and in terms of liminality and communitas, following Victor Turner. The conspicuously “anti-structural” mores and behavior allow the tourists licensed suspension of everyday rules, while reinforcing the latter. The tourists' image of the Caribbean as a sensual playground and the hosts' image of the tourists as self-centered and frivolous are established and perpetuated in this liminoid context.     

Price formation in tourism industry branches

To examine the pricing behavior of suppliers of holiday goods and services, a margin approach, originally developed to explain price formation in service industries, has been applied to different sectors of the tourism industry, using Dutch data. The fundamental idea of the margin approach is that both cost and demand factors influence price formation. The specific market situation is supposed to determine the extent to which changes in cost factors can be passed on to consumers. Despite difficulties with the quality of data, the results can be characterized as promising.     

Development of advanced tourism studies in Holland

Bodewes, Theo, Development of Advanced Tourism Studies in Holland. Annals of Tourism Research 1981, VIII(1):35–51. The entry of tourism studies into the field of advanced education is often a difficult process. Theory and practice sometimes serve conflicting interests. In the Netherlands an option has been taken for a theoretical, multi-disciplinary approach with links to the field of practice. Within this framework, tourism is indissolubly connected with leisure and recreation, leisure being the core of studies. This implies that the universities should educate leisure economists, leisure sociologists, etc., and that advanced professional educational institutions should educate leisure experts. This paper discusses whether the problems and solutions in the Netherlands are recognizable and/or useful abroad, and whether one institution can learn from the experiences of others.     

中职学校数学层次目标教学探析

层次目标教学是针对学生现有的知识基础、智力水平、非智力因素和学习成绩等差异,因材施教,制定出不同的教学目标,提出不同的教学要求,授以不同的教学内容,以最大限度地调动每一位学生的学习积极性,充分促进学生智能发展的一种教学方式。它能充分调动学生学习的主动性,强化学习动机,使各类学生在各自的“最近发展区”内得到充分的发展,并充分挖掘各类学生的潜能,有效地促进学科教育向素质教育转化。文章对构建符合中职学生生源和学科特点的教学模式提出了看法,并讨论了相关的实施办法。     

桂林市居民品牌消费状况与社会分层研究

消费不仅仅是一个经济的实用过程,而且是涉及文化符号和象征意义的表达过程,品牌消费集中体现了符号消费的特点.文章选取广西桂林市居民品牌消费状况为研究视角,试图通过对各个阶层居民品牌消费状况的分析来探讨社会阶层分化的现状和趋势.     

浦东新区迁入人口的分异

浦东新区的极化开发形成了区际迁移和省际迁移两股人口迁入流.由于来源地不同,他们在年龄、受教育程度、行职业、收入和居住等方面形成了分异现象,与此同时,也产生了社区重构、社会极化和社会矛盾等问题.劳动力市场分层响应和城市生态位势空间响应是迁入人口分异的主要响应机理.迁入人口的分异问题会影响浦东新区的社会稳定和发展,因此,必须引起足够重视.     

(Non-)Existence of Equilibria in Multicommunity Models

This paper reconsiders equilibrium existence in models with migration and voting over local public goods. We show that under some straightforward assumptions on preferences and income distributions, the basic structure of multicommunity models (i.e., perfect mobility, majority rule, single crossing property) implies that no equilibrium with jurisdictions conducting different policies can exist. Stratification equilibria—with sorting of the population according to income classes—are therefore not as natural as is sometimes suggested. Mechanisms that can serve to support stratification (i.e., tight housing markets, returns to scale in the provision of publicly consumed goods) are discussed.     

Tourism occupations,career profiles and knowledge

This paper summarizes the approach and main findings of a research study undertaken by the Tourism Society into occupations, career profiles and knowledge requirements of professionals engaged in tourism. It outlines the main stages in the research program, including the identification of a body of knowledge about tourism, the development of an occupational classification, and a survey of professionals employed in tourism. It then presents and comments on findings covering occupational classifications, career profiles and knowledge requirements, making particular reference to the implications for tourism education. The study is very much a pioneering work in this field and it is confined to the experiences of the United Kingdom.     

农业信息化的系统分层和协同整合——以杭州龙井茶为例

现有的农业信息化系统构架是围绕产-供-销的供应链模式为主体,相对忽视农业产业化发展的规模化特点以及农业金融化的特征.较为全面解读农业信息化的视角应该立足农业生产的时间和空间特征,贯穿生产加工全过程,体现服务-生产-服务的新哑铃型系统分层结构.通过构建不同环节的系统接口,有效对分属不同领域和产业的信息化环节进行有效整合,真正发挥农业生产型服务业的整合效应.本文以杭州龙井茶为例,对上述理论进行了分析.