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31.
32.
户籍管理本质上属于民事登记和人口动态统计的一部分。新中国的户籍制度以严格限制公民自由迁移和设置城市准入资格为鲜明特征,是政府发展经济和调控社会的政策手段。改革开放以后,户籍制度在限制人口迁移方面有所松动,但户口归属仍然是城市外来人群的隐痛,并成为影响社会分层的隐性力量。新中国的户籍制度一直与社会公共产品的分享体制有紧密的联系。户籍改革与社会公共产品分配是"牵一发而动全身"的关系。户籍改革不可能一蹴而就,而应有相应的远期、中期和近期目标。 相似文献
33.
依据对天津市两个居住区进行参与观察和个案访谈所获得的田野材料,通过比较研究的方法,揭示了社区的阶层化现状,勾画出不同社区居民之间的社会分层和不平等状况。并进一步指出,缩小城市区位差异、减少城市中的居住隔离不仅牵涉自然资源和社会资源的公平分配和使用,同时也关乎个体发展的代际公平。 相似文献
34.
基于城镇居民家庭特征变量和组织变量,采用CGSS2013数据,通过Logistic模型分析我国城镇居民住房获取概率和获取不同类型住房概率的差异及其影响因素,研究表明:我国针对福利分房制度的市场化改革提高了居民的住房水平,但是在市场化转型过程中,再分配权力资源对住房资源仍然保持着占有上的优势。非市场因素对居民住房的获取产生了较为显著的影响,拥有制度优势的城镇户口居民、机关事业单位工作人员和商业精英在优质住房获取的机会上具有较为明显的优势。应继续深化以市场配置资源的住房制度改革,也要积极探索和推进户籍制度改革,消除“等级”观念的消极影响。 相似文献
35.
STEPHEN K. WEGREN 《Journal of Agrarian Change》2011,11(2):138-163
A core set of criteria have been met, so that it is accurate to speak of an agrarian capitalist system in Russia. The development of agrarian capitalism carries with it increased stratification, which is analysed along five dimensions: earned income, land expansion, use of credit, income from food sales and income from household enterprise. The paper demonstrates increasing differentiation between households, between professional cohorts and within professional cohorts. The data showing stratification within professions suggest that intra‐cohort stratification is driving most of the inter‐cohort stratification. The Russian model of agrarian capitalism and its processes of stratification have yielded a bifurcated countryside in which a thin stratum of ‘super winners’ has emerged. Economic processes have developed beyond simple stratification and have created the basis from which a rudimentary class structure appears to be forming. 相似文献
36.
Corporate social responsibility involves various economic and social issues. This case presents a dilemma of the trade‐off between economic benefits to shareholders and social benefits to other stakeholders. To respond to recent flat sales growth, as well as serious needs for cost reduction and meeting analysts' expectations, Homewonder Manufacturing Ltd. is considering a strategic plan to expand into Asia. To facilitate this plan, the CEO of the company proposed offshoring and outsourcing some business operations, as well as downsizing the company's current social programs. Various stakeholders will be affected by this plan. This case analysis requires an integration of the shareholder and stakeholder theories of the firm. It provides opportunities for students to consider whether relationships with other stakeholders are a salient corporate strategic concern, and perform costs and benefits analyses arising from this dilemma. 相似文献
37.
摘要:廉租住房退出机制是保障低收入群体住房权益的必要手段,是廉租住房制度建设的关键环节。基于社会流动和住房梯度消费的双重动力,青岛市已建立符合本市特色的梯度退出机制,但目前仍面临着诸如政府重视程度不够、收入监测机制缺乏、规章政策层级较低、激励配套制度欠缺等退出困境,致使有限的廉租住房资源未能充分得到有“进”有“退”地动态使用。本文针对青岛市廉租住房退出机制面临的政策性和操作性困境,从政策宣传、住房征信、动态管理、制度立法、配套激励等方面提出了构建进入——退出——进入的动态管理格局的改进思路。 相似文献
38.
Refik Culpan 《Annals of Tourism Research》1987,14(4):541-552
This article considers international tourism as an open system consisting of four essential components: demand, marketing, transportation, and accomodation. It examines each component and its relationship to the system. The proposed international tourism model facilitates detection of positive and negative determinants of the system so that a relevant marketing strategy can be developed. The major strategies include a mass-marketing approach for public through tourism intermediaries, and a focused strategy requiring careful analysis of the target market and its needs for unique services. More specifically, the article suggests extensive market analysis with geographic concentration on present and potential tourist generating countries. The model is intended as a comprehensive frame for policy makers and practitioners to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of international tourism. 相似文献
39.
Niloufer Ichaporia 《Annals of Tourism Research》1983,10(1):75-92
The Hindu temple complex at Khajuraho in central India has become a major tourist site for Indians and international tourists only in the past twenty years. Built as a court nearly a thousand years ago, but abandoned two centuries later, Khajuraho remained a minor pilgrimage site into the present century. The distinctive features of Khajuraho include thousands of explicitly sexual relief carvings, much publicized throughout India. Westerners are direct in their examination of these features, which remain problematic to the majority of Indian tourists. In contemporary puritanical India, where journals and movies are highly censored, Khajuraho offers an opportunity for the loosening of such rules with highly philosophical efforts to “explain away” such “obscenities.” Yet communitas is incomplete: women are discouraged from close examination of the depictions, and men fail to communicate with their families about their content. 相似文献
40.
Eugene L. Mendonsa 《Annals of Tourism Research》1983,10(2):213-238
The stratification literature indicates that those who control the means of production gain greater benefits than those who do not, and that their introduction may affect a community's income distribution. This research attempts to determine the impacts of tourism on household incomes and the pattern of stratification in a Portuguese village and the various strategies which families employ to deal with change. It concludes that housing is a key factor because of tourism and that those families who have housing can significantly increase their incomes and elevate their position in the community hierarchy, although access to the elite strata is limited and tourist revenues have not affected the overall pyramidal form of stratification in the village. 相似文献