提升大学生就业能力应首先做好职业生涯规划设计

本文从大学生就业难问题提出解决办法:应当从源头抓起,也就是——首先做好职业生涯规划设计。如何做好职业生涯规划设计需注意三点:1.职业生涯规划设计要注意哪些问题?2.职业生涯规划的关键点是什么?3.职业生涯规划设计需注意的事项?     

Integrating a random utility model for non-timber forest users into a strategic forest planning model

In this paper, we developed a mixed-integer non-linear programming model that integrates access road development and a utility theoretic spatial choice model of hunters into a strategic forest harvest-scheduling model. The model was applied to an operationally sized Forest Management Agreement (FMA) area in central Alberta, Canada. The resulting behavioral model had approximately 2.6 million decision variables and about 96,000 constraints, and was used to examine the impacts of timber harvesting on hunters’ preference for hunting sites. We also evaluated the impacts of various levels of hunter welfare on: (i) the degree of tradeoff between timber and hunting benefits, (ii) timber harvest schedules, and (iii) the marginal costs of producing timber products. The results showed significant tradeoffs between timber and hunting benefits and a clear link between landscape characteristics and changes and behavioral responses by hunters.     

旅游信息搜索行为的模型建构及其检验研究

围绕旅游信息搜索策略与搜索的可能性,旅游者的个性特征以及搜索行为的产出性之间的关系建构一种旅游信息搜索行为模型,进而利用对休闲旅游者实施的大面积的问卷调查所得到的数据检验了有关的理论假设,研究发现,旅游信息搜索策略反映着旅游者对各种类型和不同数量的休闲旅游信息资源所进行的一种动态和加工过程及其相应的结果。     

昂昂溪考古文化初论

昂昂溪文化是含细石器的新石器文化,它以渔猎经济为主,晚期有农业经济出现,是具有显著特点的区域性文化。它自成体系,独立发展,并不是其它文化的延伸和传播所产生的附属文化。虽然目前还没有形成系统的研究工程,但三十多年来不断发现的各类文化遗址、遗物点迭四百多处,从类型和数量上足以说明“昂昂溪文化”是嫩江流域文化的重要环节,是中华民族古代文明的重要组成部分。     

Multiple determinants of satisfaction from a specific waterfowl hunting trip

Abstract

This paper builds upon the multiple satisfaction approach to game management by evaluating the individual and combined effects of three basic dimensions—wildlife, human interaction, and nature/sport—on overall hunting satisfaction. In contrast to previous studies that focused on either hunting in general or deer hunting, this analysis was based on hunter evaluations of a specific waterfowl hunting trip. Results generally support the concept of multiple satisfactions, with a combination of wildlife, human interaction, and nature/sport variables accounting for 36% of the variance in satisfaction. Taken individually, nature/sport items explained more of the variation in satisfaction (R² = .23) than either the wildlife (R² = .08) or the human interaction variables (R² = .14). Some discrepancies were noted between the findings presented here and those reported in previous investigations. For example, contrary to several earlier studies that found success to be an important determinant of satisfaction, the zero‐order correlation between the number of birds bagged by the respondent and overall satisfaction was not significant. Such discrepancies with previous research are attributed to the hunters’ prior experience in the setting, their expectations for success, and the population and setting under investigation.     

Is recreational hunting important for landscape multi-functionality? Evidence from Denmark

Recreational hunting may be important to the shaping of the agricultural landscape. Land owners who hunt or lease out hunting rights have an incentive to promote landscapes that contain wildlife biotopes, which may serve wider societal values, such as landscape aesthetics, biodiversity, and preservation of valued and/or threatened animal and plant species. Recreational hunting may thus contribute to preserve and enhance landscape multifunctionality. Yet, little is known about the importance of hunting interests in motivating such landscape management. In this article, we seek to shed light on these issues on the basis of data from a nationally representative survey of Danish landowners. Our findings show a mixed picture of the role of recreational hunting in supporting multifunctional landscapes. We observe a broad swathe of landscape changes for multifunctionality cross properties with different forms of hunting utilization and non-hunted properties. The likelihood of such landscape changes is higher on holdings that are hunted by the owner or where the hunting is leased out, than on properties where the owner lets family or friends hunt for free or where there is no hunting. Non-hunted holdings are smaller and have a less varied land use pattern than larger, hunted holdings. Yet, some of their production characteristics appear to favor multifunctionality and they feature a high intensity of landscape changes that favor multifunctionality. In terms of policy implications, our results indicate that support for multifunctional landscapes should emphasize a broader focus on the interests and identity of different types of landscape managers in information and advisory services and stimulate owners of smaller holdings to cooperate across holdings and see their holding in a broader landscape context.     

浅谈青海海西蒙古族民歌的特点

青海海西蒙古族民歌的构成要素和特点。     

Managing Penn's Woods for old-growth forest tourism and deer

Cook Forest State Park was established in 1927 to preserve part of Pennsylvania's original forest. Using the concept of moral landscapes, this paper examines the park's creation resulting from one of the earliest wilderness preservation campaigns. Cook Forest's moral landscape has been shaped by differing values over production and consumption, deer hunting and non-consumptive tourism, and the role of humans in nature. This paper will examine the challenges of managing for rare eastern old-growth forests, which are the park's primary draw, and for white-tailed deer, which are ubiquitous but key to Pennsylvania's deer hunting tradition. This paper discusses how altering the moral landscapes is critical to reshaping attitudes of what ‘normal’ forests and deer populations are as the park expands hunting acreage, considers alternative silvicultural practices, and moves to emphasize secondary old-growth in addition to the much visited primary old-growth that will be dying out over the next 100 years.     

Opportunity or threat? Finnish hunters’ attitudes to hunting tourism

This article examines elements of the social sustainability of hunting tourism development by scrutinising Finnish hunters’ opinions on three possible scenarios related to hunting tourism: the threat of an exclusion of local hunters, the threat of rising rents of hunting land and the threat to Finnish hunting customs and practice due to increasing numbers of foreign hunting tourists. Hunters’ positions on these three issues are mapped and the determinants of their attitudes are analysed using unique national survey data on Finnish hunters and their attitudes (N= 1193). The results show a clear ambivalence to hunting tourism among hunters. While a majority of hunters tend to view hunting tourism as a threat, a large minority relate to it more positively. These attitudinal patterns can be explained only partly by socioeconomic factors, whereas factors pertaining to hunting experience and hunting profile play a somewhat more prominent role in understanding the legitimacy that hunting tourism enjoys in the eyes of hunters in Finland. Age, rural residence and participation in wildlife management are also found important for some issues. The ambiguities revealed could pose major problems for social sustainability and hunting tourism management and development.     

The Implication of Bourdieu's Theory of Practice for Leisure Studies

The purpose of this article is to illustrate the effectiveness of Pierre Bourdieu's sociological theory and encourage more holistic use of his concepts of habitus, capital, field, and symbolic violence in leisure research. We briefly review the manner in which leisure researchers have utilized Bourdieu's work. Second, we apply Bourdieu's notions of habitus, capital, field, and symbolic violence to understand inequitable participation in hunting activities in American society. We conclude by offering recent issues in recreational hunting and recommendations for practitioners based on interpretations of Bourdieu's concepts.