新冠肺炎疫情期间城市公园绿地运行管理 研究

新冠肺炎(COVID-19)疫情期间,城市公园绿地作 为重要的绿色基础设施,成为公众日常生活中不可或缺的公共 空间环境,对疫情防控和维持公众身心健康具有积极意义。从 疫情期间公园绿地的功能作用分析入手,结合新冠肺炎病毒传 播特点、防控要求和国内典型城市应对疫情管理实践,提出了 疫期公园绿地运行管理的基本原则和构建公园绿地防疫体系、 建立内外联防联动机制、实施分级分类分区域管控、综合确定 疫期游人规模、施行管控与疏导相结合等系列策略,以及启动 应急管理、安全评估与分级管控、园内环境卫生消毒、疫期优 质管养、员工健康维护、正向科普宣传等对策措施,以期提升 城市公园绿地应对突发重大公共卫生事件的能力和运行管理水 平,为做好疫情期间公园绿地的科学管理和安全运行提供参考 依据。     

A visitor flow management process for touristified archaeological sites

In recent decades the number of visitors to archaeological sites has increased exponentially. This increase has generated both negative and positive impacts. This article proposes a Visitor Flow Management Process (VFMP) that aims to minimize the negative impacts and enhance the benefits visitor flows can have in touristified archaeological sites. Although several proposals for visitor management frameworks exist for natural protected areas, for archaeological sites there are only isolated strategies and actions. Following a review of the literature on the visitor impacts and visitor management strategies implemented in 11 touristified archaeological sites around the world, 96 visitor management measures were identified, classified and synthesized into a three stage-process: (1) Restrict the number of visitors; (2) Redistribute visitor flows in time and space and (3) Interpret the archaeological site considering the mass influx of visitors. VFMP is a useful tool for heritage site managers dealing with mass tourism, whose implementation can contribute to reducing damage to heritage and enhancing the quality of the visitor experience.     

基于游客体验分析的山体公园服务设施 研究——以贵阳市黔灵山公园为例

公园服务设施直接影响着游人的游憩体验质量,是 公园规划设计和建设的关键因素。以贵阳市黔灵山公园为研究 对象,在实地体验观察和访谈问卷调查的基础上,采用验证性 因子分析方法,探讨公园服务设施对游人在公园内游憩休闲使 用的重要度,以及游人对公园服务设施使用后的满意度。结果 表明：1)公园服务设施的8个类别维度对游客影响的重要度从 大到小依次为安全设施>卫生设施>信息设施>管理服务设施> 交通设施>休憩设施>科普宣教设施>商业设施;2)游客对公园 服务设施使用后满意度从大到小依次为安全设施>信息设施> 商业设施>交通设施>科普宣教设施>管理服务设施>休憩设施> 卫生设施。各维度在观测上的数值差异反映了游客在公园内进 行游玩时更注重体验设施的存在度和使用感。     

海外游客来华旅游市场趋势预测

旅游客源市场的定量分析和统计预测,为旅游业的持续稳步发展提供了科学的依据.运用数理统计中的趋势预测方法,对海外来华游客人数进行预测预报,给出一些实际结果,提供相应的统计预测模型.     

Monitoring visitors to natural areas in wintertime: issues in counter accuracy

The sustainable management of vulnerable natural areas requires accurate measurement of visitor flows, especially in mountain and protected areas. Pyroelectric sensors that detect the heat radiation emitted by human bodies are now commonly used in many regions, including Scandinavia and the UK, to count pedestrian traffic in both urban and natural areas. We used four different tests to investigate pyroelectric counters’ accuracy in mountain winter conditions. Air temperature, distance to sensor, visitor clothing and visitor volume were all found to affect counter error rates. For tests within moderate winter temperatures (between 0°C and ?18°C) counters reported within manufacturer's claimed accuracy at 5% for 2 m range, but for ?21°C and below visitor numbers were over reported by 10.9%. Counter accuracy was generally unaffected by visitor clothing within 2 m of the sensor, but at a 4 m distance counters frequently failed to detect individuals in insulating down jackets more than fleece jackets. Counter error rates were slightly higher in outdoor than indoor tests, but still accurate within 5%. Error rates increased with increasing visitor traffic. The findings provide methodological implications for researchers and managers using automated visitor counters to estimate wintertime visitor use in mountain areas.     

Are opportunities recognized or constructed?: An information perspective on entrepreneurial opportunity identification

Using a case study of ten SMEs the authors apply a model of human information processing which provides a frame to help understand the entrepreneur’s use of information to identify opportunities. Their model integrates an algorithmic or pattern type of information processing and a heuristic or trial and error type of information processing into a pragmatic frame of the entrepreneur’s opportunity recognition-construction mechanism. This article shows how human information processing can moderate entrepreneurial opportunity identification.     

Memory work versus memory-work and its utility in heritage tourism

This paper advocates researching the diverse, unstructured, idiosyncratic personal and autobiographical memories of individuals – visitors, tourists, local residents and geographically dispersed patrons associated with heritage resources and heritage tourism attractions. ‘Memory-work’, conceptualized by Frigga Haug and her collaborators in the 1980s as a feminist constructionist method, is differentiated from ‘memory work’ (without hyphen) as defined in the scholarly literature from different disciplines in the past three decades. For the purposes of this paper, memory work is then conceptualized as a qualitative, interpretivist research approach focused on memories, which employs a range of methodologies and techniques to elicit and ‘process’ memories, and draws on memory theory for analysis. It is argued that memory work can provide useful insights for academic knowledge production and applied research in heritage tourism. A few examples of specific research techniques are presented to illustrate the diverse spectrum of how memory work can be carried out in practice. It will moreover be discussed how memory distortion and ‘false memories’ are to be treated, how memory work differs from other qualitative modes of enquiry, and what its benefits and limitations are.     

Chief executive officer attributes,sustainable performance,environmental performance,and environmental reporting: New insights from upper echelons perspective

This study examines the impact of chief executive officer (CEO) attributes on sustainable performance, environmental performance, and environmental reporting, which are motivated by institutionally driven environmental policies, regulations, and management in the context of Chinese listed firms. With the use of a comprehensive dataset of 2,854 Chinese listed firms over the 2010–2017 period (i.e., making over 16,000 individual firm‐year observations), our findings are fourfold. First, our overall findings reveal that CEOs with research background tend to engage more in activities that improve sustainable performance, environmental performance, and environmental reporting than do those without research background. Second, CEOs with financial expertise are positively linked with increased sustainable performance and environmental reporting. Third, CEOs with foreign exposure are more eager to engage in activities that enhance sustainable and environmental performance than do those without foreign exposure. Fourth, young CEOs tend to take actions that reduce both sustainable and environmental performance than do their older counterparts. We interpret our results within upper echelons theoretical perspective. The results are robust to alternative measures, potential endogeneities, and sample selection problems.     

Age diversity management and organisational outcomes: The role of diversity perspectives

Several macro‐level and meso‐level factors have led to unprecedented proportions of aged employees in organisations, resulting in higher levels of age diversity. Little is known about which age diversity practices and programmes are effective in which types of organisations for which outcomes. Derived from social exchange theory, this paper proposes and tests positive relationships between age diversity practices and organisational outcomes and work‐life programmes and organisational outcomes. Derived from contingency theory, it also proposes and tests for a moderating effect of diversity perspective (fairness and discrimination vs. synergy) on the two main relationships. Data were collected from 248 medium to large‐sized for‐profit organisations. The results partially support both main effect hypotheses and one moderating effect hypothesis. The findings suggest different organisational outcomes for age diversity practices and work‐life programmes. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.