Financial comparisons of under‐vine management systems in four South Australian vineyard districts*

Conventional viticultural practice in Australia and elsewhere involves removal of under‐vine vegetation using herbicides or cultivation. Concerns over the long‐term effects of herbicides on soil health, evolution of resistant weeds and possible impacts on human health motivate the search for alternative weed management options. Industry‐supported trials on commercial vineyards in four South Australian regions investigated standard practices of straw mulch and bare earth created with herbicides, compared to under‐vine cover crops, focusing on soil health attributes (soil carbon, soil microbiological processes, etc.) and grape yields in 2016 and 2017. Measured yields with the Control (herbicide) treatment were combined with published district grape prices and yields over the 12‐year (2006–2017) period, defining multivariate distributions of gross revenues ($/ha). Assuming all treatments produce grapes of equal quality and price as the Control, our results showed median per‐hectare gross margins greater than the Control in the Barossa district, lower than Control in Riverland, and mixed results in Langhorne Creek and Eden Valley. Multi‐year risk profiles, based on decadal whole‐farm (50 ha) cash flows for each treatment, were calculated using Monte Carlo analysis, based on historical yield and price distributions. These risk profiles showed the under‐vine treatments may result in major differences in long‐term vineyard financial viability.     

分布式光纤传感器在油田水井注入剖面监测中的应用

目前油田常用的注入剖面监测方法存在施工周期长、井况适应性差、有污染等缺点。为了寻找新的注入剖面监测方法,采用分布式光纤温度传感系统（DTS）监测注水过程的井温变化情况,通过井温变化斜率定性分析各层注入量的大小。采用分布式声波传感系统（DAS）监测注水过程中井下的振动情况,根据振动能量分析,定位各配水器准确位置,并估算注入量大小。根据试验结果DTS和DAS系统可用于注入剖面的快速监测和估算,利于油田方更实时且准确的掌握注入剖面情况。     

Entrepreneurship in the tourism industry: Issues in developing countries

The tourism industry in Malaysia is one of the most important sectors in terms of its contribution to the growth of the nation. The extensive demand on the tourism industry has stimulated the emergence of many small and medium hotels, resorts, and chalets in Malaysia. According to the literature, small and medium hotels are an extension of the entrepreneurial characteristics of the owners/managers of the hotels. In Malaysia, small and medium hotel entrepreneurs (SMHEs) have not been given much attention. Looking at this gap, this study aims to provide a significant result on entrepreneurship issues in Malaysia. The main objective of this study is to examine the characteristics of small and medium hotel owners/managers and the issues and problems they confront in relation to their survivability in the industry. The result revealed that the majority of owners/managers of small and medium hotels were male, middle-aged and older, with secondary and upper level of education, and whose prior specialisations or knowledge were not related to tourism. With strong self-confidence and independent personality characteristics, the majority started to establish their businesses after the financial crisis in 1997–1998. The result also defined small scale to mean hotels with less than 50 rooms, which had been constructed with limited personal funding and bank loans. Information technology was found to be an important tool to promote their hotels, but conventional techniques such as word of mouth and signboards were still significant. The owners/managers of small and medium hotels were in agreement over their weaknesses in terms of lack of knowledge and skills in running the business. At the same time, they also felt that the government should play a more proactive role in promoting the tourism industry.     

Comparing local and foreign perceptions of service quality of five-star hotels in Sri Lanka

Using the SERVQUAL model, this study analyses the survey data from 400 local and foreign guests of five-star hotels in Sri Lanka. The study discovered local visitors were less satisfied with the assurance aspect of hotel service, while foreign visitors were less satisfied with the empathy aspect. Overall, foreign visitors had higher expectations and perceptions of hotel service compared to locals. The study demonstrates variations between local and foreign visitors’ perception and satisfaction of hotel service quality. This sheds light on differing treatments expected by foreign visitors than their domestic counterparts which is useful in strategic decision-making and service improvement.     

华北平原小麦—玉米轮作对奶牛粪肥的消纳能力研究

奶牛粪便富含植物营养物质,制作粪肥还田对提高土壤养分、改善土壤质量、提高作物产量以及解决牛场环境污染均具有重要的意义。文章设计了空白(CK)、习惯施肥(NPK)和不同粪肥量M30、M60、M120、M240处理,开展不同施肥模式对小麦玉米产量、土壤肥力及硝态氮残留等方面的研究。研究结果表明,连续施用两年粪肥后,粪肥施用量较高的M120、M240处理小麦玉米籽粒产量、秸秆产量、土壤全氮和速效钾含量均高于NPK处理;施用粪肥均提高土壤有机质和速效磷的含量。施用粪肥与常规施肥相比,在0~200cm的土壤剖面上NO~-_3-N分布特征完全不同,施用粪肥各处理土壤NO~-_3-N除在耕层含量较高外,耕层以下含量均较低,且差异较小。0~200cm土壤剖面NO~-_3-N累积量随着粪肥的增加而增加,6月份0~200cm粪肥各处理NO~-_3-N累积量均低于NPK处理,10月份NO~-_3-N累积量M240处理高于NPK处理,表现出过量施用粪肥造成NO~-_3-N大量累积。     

A look for low season tourist profile: Antalya Region of Turkey example

This paper investigates the profile of low season tourists who visit Antalya Region of Turkey. The research findings belong to their opinions regarding destination and quality of services. At the same time additional information on demographic aspects of sampled tourists can be followed from the research. In order to satisfy tourists, providing information about their likes and dislikes is always important. Primary goal of this paper is to be a potential part of future marketing strategy for Antalya Region. Ana Cristina N. Silva was an “Erasmus Student”.     

基于对称管理模型的配置委托权限管理

配置委托权限管理是大门户解决权限管理的有效方法。文章提出的对称管理模型的对象一边包括函数与角色,另一边包括用户与组,权限控制源于函数对数据的操作,通过委托路径来将数据、函数及角色的操作权限委托给组与用户。文章还指出基于配置委托权限管理的委托路径规则与委托撤销规则,为大型企业门户的权限委托提供统一的模型与规范的方法。     

A集团全面预算管理系统设计与实现

全面预算管理是企业对未来整体经营规划的总体安排。通过全面预算管理,有利于全面落实企业的各项经营目标。本文以A集团为例,分析了实施全面预算管理对集团改善经营管理的现实意义,同时也指出了目前在预算管理中存在的问题,最后对如何成功进行预算管理进行了思考和设计。     

Relationship between types of food choice motives and well‐being among young and middle‐aged Chinese adults

Food choice plays a vital role in people’s lives and well‐being, and this topic has received more research attention in recent years. The aims of the present research were to identify subgroups of participants who shared similar profiles of multiple motives for food choices, and examine differences across motive types on the well‐being of young and middle‐aged Chinese adults. Participants were 627 Chinese adults aged 18–58 years who completed questionnaire measures. The results of Latent Profile Analysis showed that based on the configurations among different motives for food choice, there were five profiles of food choice motives, corresponding to five types of Chinese adult consumers: unconcerned, mood oriented, weight control oriented, food enthusiast and health oriented. The food enthusiast consumers were more likely to include young adults with high‐income level and educational level, while the unconcerned consumers had a larger share of middle‐aged adults with low income. Results of ANOVA suggested that the types of food choice motives significantly predicted individuals’ well‐being. Specifically, the food enthusiast group had the highest level of well‐being, while the unconcerned group had the lowest level of well‐being. The other three groups had moderate levels of well‐being. The current study is the first to explore the potential influence of food choice motives on well‐being using a person‐centred approach, and the results have practical implications for public health authorities in developing effective interventions, for food companies in tailoring marketing campaigns and for individuals in optimizing food choices.     

Research priorities in park tourism

Park tourism is a large and important activity on which a substantial body of research work has been published. This paper reviews that work in the light of the issues now faced by parks and park tourism, and argues that there are significant research gaps that urgently need additional work. The paper outlines 10 such areas, including: visitor use monitoring; park tourism economic impact monitoring; park finance; professional competencies for tourism management; building public support; visitor satisfaction; licenses, permits, leases, and concessions for tourism; pricing policies; management capacity; and park tourism governance. The paper suggests that work in these areas is so important that the long term political and social relevance, effective management and sustainable future of many parks and protected areas depend on the results. It points to the park creation phase being over after about 150 years of growth, and the need to move more effectively into the long-term management phase. A number of key questions arise. The numerous parks must fulfill their conservation mandate and they must be financially secure. They almost certainly must forge links to tourism, yet not be dominated by tourism's demands, creating, therefore, a new and sustainable research-based relationship.