农民专业合作经济组织发展的制约因素:基于企业家能力的视角

农民合作经济组织发展中存在着诸多问题,这些问题与企业家能力缺失都有一定的关系。本文从企业家能力的视角,分析了在企业家能力缺失的背景下,农民合作经济组织的发展困境,并提出通过建立企业家培育机制来破解这些问题的措施。     

农户风险感知与施药行为的响应关系研究——基于辽宁省菜农数据的实证检验

本文基于辽宁省蔬菜主产区434户菜农调研数据,运用结构方程模型验证了农户风险感知与施药行为的响应关系。研究结果表明,农户风险感知潜变量正向影响农户的施药行为响应,但是风险感知和施药行为潜变量中各个因子的影响路径和显著程度存在差异;农户是否加入合作社对农户风险感知与施药行为的作用关系起到一定的调节效应。基于研究结论,本文提出风险意识提升、保障条件供给和发展新型农业经营主体三方面的建议。     

农户对农业生态环境退化认知的实证分析——基于安徽省402个农户的调查数据

利用安徽省7个县402个农户的调研数据,基于Logit模型实证分析了农户对农业生态环境退化问题的认知。实证结果表明:户主文化程度、环保意识、培训及农业信息的获取显著促进农户对农业生态环境退化问题的认知,但年龄则呈负向作用。因此,提高户主的文化程度,加强宣传以提高农户环境保护意识、拓展农户信息获取的渠道、建立健全可持续农业生产技术培训与推广机制等对提升农户对农业生态环境退化问题的认知、促进农村经济可持续发展具有基础性的作用。     

城市化中失地农民权益保障的反思与印证

城市化是广大发展中国家的必然宿命,也是一个国家经济发展水平的重要标志。城市化过程中,失地农民成为一种必然的现象,但是由于制度的不完善和其他原因,失地农民的权益得不到有效的保障,部分失地农民徘徊在城市的边缘,从产权到个人医疗,从子女教育到进城身份认同都存在问题,都没有完善的制度和措施来解决,他们成为又一个弱势群体,在城市化过程中必须以制度为依托,以法律为手段采取措施保护他们的利益,以维护社会的公平和稳定。     

论农民专业合作社成员出资的继承

2017年新修订的《农民专业合作社法》第15条在章程应当载明事项中增加了"成员出资的继承";而且就继承的立法体例而言,立法未作任何限制,完全授权章程规定.合作社的惠顾返还为主盈余分配原则、民主管理原则、以农民为主的成员制度、成员表决权行使制度、继承人不愿或不能继承成员出资时死亡成员财产份额分出的时间等,均会引发成员出资...     

Role of income diversification in reducing forest reliance: Evidence from 1838 rural households in China

Among a number of households worldwide, forest use and income diversification have been seen as substitute livelihood strategies: farmers with more diverse income sources face a higher opportunity cost in harvesting forests and so tend to rely less on forestry resources. The current study uses rural household survey data captured in the Chinese provinces of Fujian, Shaanxi, Hunan, and Jiangxi. It applies a Heckman regression model and a quantile regression model to determine the effect of income diversification on forest dependence. The three main findings of this study are as follows. (1) The mean income diversification index values in Fujian, Shaanxi, Hunan, and Jiangxi are 1.81, 1.46, 1.63, and 2.00, respectively; this indicates that livelihood activities within the study areas are limited. (2) When the income diversification index increases by 10%, the proportion of forest income to total income within the study areas decreases by 4–8%; this indicates that income diversification can significantly reduce a household's dependence on forest resources, especially among the poorest households. (3) For the top 20% of high-income households, the effect of income diversification on forest dependence is insignificant, but for the bottom 20% of low-income households, income diversification has a major impact in terms of reducing their forest reliance (6–10%). The findings of this study will help inform the design of alternative policies that could alleviate pressure relating to forest-resource protection.     

信息传递、家庭养老保险与农户农业规模经营参与决策分析——以农户农地股份合作社入股决策为例

如何激发农户参与农业规模经营的积极性,是实现其与现代化农业有机衔接的关键之一。本文以农地股份合作社为例,基于728户非社员农户样本,着重分析了信息传递、家庭养老保险对非社员农户入股决策的调节作用及其相互作用。研究发现,家庭养老保险参与、政策信息、社员评价信息传递对非社员农户入股决策均表现出显著的正向调节作用。其中,社员评价信息传递边际效应最高,对非社员农户的调节作用随传递信息内容等级的提高而提高。此外,信息传递对非农社员入股决策影响的边际调节效应递减。家庭养老保险对非农户社员入股决策的正向调节作用需要一定的信息传递为基础。因此,本文提出如下建议:可针对特定农业规模经营方式,在发展的不同阶段采取不同的信息传递方式;健全运行机制和监督机制,提高参与农户评价;完善农村社会保险体系,提高农户风险补偿预期。     

How do Agricultural Programmes Alter Crop Production? Evidence from Ecuador

Evaluating agricultural programmes requires considering not only the programmes’ influence on input and output indicators, but also considering the relationship between these indicators as embodied in the production technology. This article examines the impact on production of an intervention in the Ecuadorian Sierra designed to improve returns to potato production through training and through linking smallholders to high‐value markets. Critical to identifying the impact of the programme is the careful construction of a counterfactual and meticulous data collection. To assess the impact of the programme on production, a weighted estimation, where weights are constructed through propensity score matching, is employed to estimate a production function within a damage abatement framework. The function incorporates a series of interaction terms to assess the impact of the programme on the production technology. The findings provide evidence that the programme enhances yields both through a general shift in technology as well as increased input use. The results suggest that the use of effective farming techniques that are learned through the programme induce this technological shift.     

Farmers’ attitude towards the policy of remediation during fallow in soil fertility declining and heavy metal polluted area of China

Numerous countries and regions face soil fertility decline and heavy metal pollution, and China implements a policy of remediation during fallow (PRF) to deal with such challenges. In this study, we examine the evolution of PRF and surveys of farmers’ attitudes in China. We present suggestions which can be used as reference for other countries and regions. The Chinese government implemented the policy of remediation during production (PRP) to control the heavy metal pollution of land in 2014. The effect was unsatisfactory due to the lack of cooperation amongst farmers. Therefore, the Chinese government implemented PRF in 2016. Our investigation of 247 farmers shows that farmers’ comprehensive assessment of PRF is positively influenced by the cognition of government implementation, the cognition of policy function and the evaluation of value perception, and the PRF still faces several problems, such as low cognitive level of policy function, incomplete regulations of supervision and poor supporting system. Hence, we suggest that government should educate and train farmers, improve the supervision and set up the supporting system of PRF.     

Public policies creating tensions in Montado management models: Insights from farmers’ representations

The Montado is the silvo-pastoral land use system dominant in Southern Portugal, and similar to the Dehesa in Southern Spain. These systems combine an open tree cover of cork and holm oaks with grazing in the under-cover. Despite the acknowledged value of these systems due to their adaptation to the scarcity biophysical conditions of Southern Iberia, the uniqueness of cork production, the biodiversity values and the support of multiple public goods and services, in Portugal the area of the Montado is declining every year. It has been shown before how this decline is related to increased grazing pressure and use of inadequate soil mobilization techniques. Supported on social sciences theoretical insights, this paper focus on the farmers decision process, and the representations that support their decisions. The analysis is grounded on a large scale survey followed by in-depth interviews to Montado farmers. The results show that there is an underlying conflict between farmers representation of the Montado and the practices they are applying in their everyday management. Dominant representations of the Montado by farmers rely strongly on the tree cover and the forestry component of the system. While their management is strongly focused on the livestock and grazing resources. Farmers are abandoning a resilient thinking of their farm system considering the factors internal to the system, to adapt an external, driver oriented representation of their farm system. CAP coupled payments are seen as the main cause of this change. If the policy construction remains in its present state, the resilience of the Montado as a complex socio-ecological system is threatened in the very short term.