珠三角农业流动人口“代耕农”权益保护问题研究

“代耕农”群体存在承租权、政治参与权、子女受教育权以及社会保障权等权益方面存在严重缺失问题。本文以珠三角农业流动人口“代耕农”群体为例,分析我国农业流动人口“代耕农”权益缺失问题及其成因,在此基础上提出完善我国“代耕衣”权益保护的建议。     

Public policies creating tensions in Montado management models: Insights from farmers’ representations

The Montado is the silvo-pastoral land use system dominant in Southern Portugal, and similar to the Dehesa in Southern Spain. These systems combine an open tree cover of cork and holm oaks with grazing in the under-cover. Despite the acknowledged value of these systems due to their adaptation to the scarcity biophysical conditions of Southern Iberia, the uniqueness of cork production, the biodiversity values and the support of multiple public goods and services, in Portugal the area of the Montado is declining every year. It has been shown before how this decline is related to increased grazing pressure and use of inadequate soil mobilization techniques. Supported on social sciences theoretical insights, this paper focus on the farmers decision process, and the representations that support their decisions. The analysis is grounded on a large scale survey followed by in-depth interviews to Montado farmers. The results show that there is an underlying conflict between farmers representation of the Montado and the practices they are applying in their everyday management. Dominant representations of the Montado by farmers rely strongly on the tree cover and the forestry component of the system. While their management is strongly focused on the livestock and grazing resources. Farmers are abandoning a resilient thinking of their farm system considering the factors internal to the system, to adapt an external, driver oriented representation of their farm system. CAP coupled payments are seen as the main cause of this change. If the policy construction remains in its present state, the resilience of the Montado as a complex socio-ecological system is threatened in the very short term.     

电子商务发展与农民增收——基于电子商务进农村综合示范政策的考察

本文基于2011～2017年全国23个省份1686个县的面板数据,考察了在电子商务进农村综合示范政策下,电子商务发展对农民增收的影响。本文研究发现:(1)就全国整体而言,电子商务进农村综合示范政策大约能使当地农民人均收入提升3.0%;(2)该政策的增收效应存在地区异质性,东部地区强于中西部地区,且信息通讯技术(ICT)基础设施、人口流动和人力资本会影响政策增收效果;(3)网点建设和品牌培育是电子商务进农村综合示范政策发挥增收效应的主要渠道,且二者存在互补性。这意味着,中国政府通过电子商务进农村综合示范政策促进了电子商务的发展,获得数字赋能的农户能够更加有效地参与市场活动,进而实现农民增收。     

论农民专业合作社成员出资的继承

2017年新修订的《农民专业合作社法》第15条在章程应当载明事项中增加了"成员出资的继承";而且就继承的立法体例而言,立法未作任何限制,完全授权章程规定.合作社的惠顾返还为主盈余分配原则、民主管理原则、以农民为主的成员制度、成员表决权行使制度、继承人不愿或不能继承成员出资时死亡成员财产份额分出的时间等,均会引发成员出资...     

How do Agricultural Programmes Alter Crop Production? Evidence from Ecuador

Evaluating agricultural programmes requires considering not only the programmes’ influence on input and output indicators, but also considering the relationship between these indicators as embodied in the production technology. This article examines the impact on production of an intervention in the Ecuadorian Sierra designed to improve returns to potato production through training and through linking smallholders to high‐value markets. Critical to identifying the impact of the programme is the careful construction of a counterfactual and meticulous data collection. To assess the impact of the programme on production, a weighted estimation, where weights are constructed through propensity score matching, is employed to estimate a production function within a damage abatement framework. The function incorporates a series of interaction terms to assess the impact of the programme on the production technology. The findings provide evidence that the programme enhances yields both through a general shift in technology as well as increased input use. The results suggest that the use of effective farming techniques that are learned through the programme induce this technological shift.     

信息传递、家庭养老保险与农户农业规模经营参与决策分析——以农户农地股份合作社入股决策为例

如何激发农户参与农业规模经营的积极性,是实现其与现代化农业有机衔接的关键之一。本文以农地股份合作社为例,基于728户非社员农户样本,着重分析了信息传递、家庭养老保险对非社员农户入股决策的调节作用及其相互作用。研究发现,家庭养老保险参与、政策信息、社员评价信息传递对非社员农户入股决策均表现出显著的正向调节作用。其中,社员评价信息传递边际效应最高,对非社员农户的调节作用随传递信息内容等级的提高而提高。此外,信息传递对非农社员入股决策影响的边际调节效应递减。家庭养老保险对非农户社员入股决策的正向调节作用需要一定的信息传递为基础。因此,本文提出如下建议:可针对特定农业规模经营方式,在发展的不同阶段采取不同的信息传递方式;健全运行机制和监督机制,提高参与农户评价;完善农村社会保险体系,提高农户风险补偿预期。     

农户对农业生态环境退化认知的实证分析——基于安徽省402个农户的调查数据

利用安徽省7个县402个农户的调研数据,基于Logit模型实证分析了农户对农业生态环境退化问题的认知。实证结果表明:户主文化程度、环保意识、培训及农业信息的获取显著促进农户对农业生态环境退化问题的认知,但年龄则呈负向作用。因此,提高户主的文化程度,加强宣传以提高农户环境保护意识、拓展农户信息获取的渠道、建立健全可持续农业生产技术培训与推广机制等对提升农户对农业生态环境退化问题的认知、促进农村经济可持续发展具有基础性的作用。     

2009年上半年新疆农户固定资产投资调查分析

本文对新疆30个县（市）1550户农民固定资产投资情况进行了调查分析,认为2009年以来,随着中央和自治区继续加大对新疆农村的各项投入和惠农富农政策的逐步落实到位,农民收入持续增长,农户投资热情高涨,农民生产性和生活性的固定资产均保持了较快增长,农业和农村经济呈现良好发展态势。