新疆发展蔬菜产业、稳定蔬菜价格的对策研究

蔬菜价格是推高居民消费价格总水平（CPI）的重要因素之一。进入2012年,新疆蔬菜价格呈现快速上涨态势,价格持续维持高位运行,居高不下,对城乡居民生活水平影响较大。本文从2012年上半年蔬菜价格变动特点入手,分析了蔬菜生产、流通等方面存在的问题及其价格偏高的原因,提出了促进设施蔬菜生产、保供应、稳价格的政策建议。     

The Geographic Extent of the Market for Soybeans and Soybean Products

This study looks at the question of whether soybeans, soybean meal, and soybean oil produced in the United States and exported were part of a single, world geographic market during the decade of the 1980s. An answer to this question is sought using an approach to defining a geographic market based on the notion of instantaneous causality. The empirical results suggest that there was but a single identifiable world market for these commodities over the period of study.     

我国生鲜蔬菜供应链问题及优化研究

近年来,随着农业产业结构的调整和农业技术的进步,我国生鲜蔬菜供给量稳步增长,产品结构不断优化,基本能够满足社会需求。但是由于生鲜蔬菜具有较强季节性、地域性和易腐性,这对生鲜蔬菜的储运、加工、运输、销售等物流环节提出了特殊的要求。生鲜蔬菜的这种特性决定了其在供应链管理活动中具有自身的独特性,这就需要我们综合的考虑生鲜蔬菜从农户到餐桌等各个环节,运用现代供应链理念和技术,构建反应灵敏、反馈及时、质量安全、符合市场需求的生鲜蔬菜供应链模式。文中从分析生鲜蔬菜供应链的特性入手,分析了我国生鲜蔬菜供应链存在的问题,并提出了有效的整合生产组织成员、全程冷藏运输、构建生鲜蔬菜物流信息平台、建立健全蔬菜质量监督管理系统等优化生鲜蔬菜供应链的措施。     

固相萃取—液相色谱分析蔬菜中噻菌灵和苯菌灵残留量

[目的]建立一种同时测定蔬菜中噻菌灵和苯菌灵残留量的方法。[方法]样品采用酸性甲醇提取,提取液经LC-SCX固相萃取小柱净化,以甲醇-甲酸（0.05%）为流动相,配备Symmetry-C18柱、紫外检测器（280 nm）的高效液相色谱仪对待测组份进行了分离和测定。[结果]噻菌灵在蔬菜样品中的添加回收率在77.2%～102.0%之间,变异系数（RSD）小于10%;苯菌灵在蔬菜样品中的添加回收率在75.4%～96.6%之间,变异系数（RSD）也小于10%,均满足残留分析要求,噻菌灵和苯菌灵在样品中的最低检出浓度为0.01mg/kg。[结论]本方法操作过程简单快速,重复性好,能满足蔬菜中噻菌灵和多菌灵残留量同时检测的要求。     

固相萃取——液相色谱分析蔬菜中多种苯甲酰脲类昆虫生长调节剂残留量

[目的]建立一种同时测定蔬菜中多种苯甲酰脲类昆虫生长调节剂残留量的方法。[方法]样品经过乙腈提取,ENVI-18固相萃取小柱净化,以乙腈-甲酸（0.05%）为流动相,配备Symmetry C18柱、紫外检测器（258nm）的高效液相色谱仪对待测组份进行了分离和测定。[结果]空白蔬菜样品中除虫脲、灭幼脲、杀铃脲、氟铃脲、氟丙氧脲和定虫隆添加回收率分别在80.60%～100.80%,75.75%～98.91%,70.20%～98.33%,74.20%～95.00%,75.64%～95.50%和78.62%～97.30%之间,相对标准偏差（RSD,n=6）均小于10%,最低检出浓度（S/N=3）分别为0.013,0.014,0.014,0.013,0.013和0.014mg/kg。[结论]本方法操作过程简单快速,重复性好,能满足蔬菜中除虫脲、灭幼脲、杀铃脲、氟铃脲、氟丙氧脲和定虫隆残留量的检测要求。     

气相色谱法检测植物油中脂肪酸组成成分

本文研究了气相色谱法检测植物油中脂肪酸的组成和含量,采用先皂化和甲酯化的实验过程,再用CP-sil88型毛细管色谱柱进行分析,能较好的分离37种脂肪酸,对数据进行处理可以看出,该方法分离度好,适用于植物油中脂肪酸组成及含量的测定.     

日本“肯定列表制度”对山东省蔬菜出口的影响与对策分析

山东省蔬菜具有成本和数量的优势,但存在单位价格低、出口市场过度集中和效益差的问题。在分析山东省近10年蔬菜出口变动状况的基础上,探究日本出台"肯定列表制度"的背景及其对我国山东省蔬菜出口企业产生的影响,并从地方政府、行业协会与出口企业的角度提出相应的对策与建议。     

The producer welfare effects of trade liberalization when goods are perishable and habit‐forming: the case of asparagus

Asparagus is a perishable, highly seasonal crop. We find that out‐of‐season imports of asparagus caused habit formation that increased demand in the U.S. growing seasons. We find that habit effects offset about 64% of the welfare losses to U.S. asparagus producers from increased Mexican imports under NAFTA and all of the U.S. producer welfare losses from increased Peruvian imports under the Andean Trade Preference Act. We estimate that the U.S. producer welfare losses from NAFTA are less than the annualized value of market loss assistance provided them in the 2008 Farm Bill.     

Adoption of safer irrigation technologies and cropping patterns: Evidence from Southern Ghana

The new irrigation technologies introduced in sub-Saharan Africa aim at ensuring safer vegetable production when untreated waste water is used as irrigation water. This paper examines the adoption of safer irrigation technologies and crop choices among vegetable farmers, using cross-section data from urban Kumasi in Ghana. The study employed a two-stage conditional maximum likelihood approach to examine the impact of crop choices and farm-level characteristics on the adoption of safer irrigation technologies. The empirical results indicate that apart from household and farm characteristics such as access to extension agents, belonging to a farmer's organization and education, cropping patterns tend to influence adoption of irrigation technologies for safer vegetable production.     

The emergence of property rights enforcement in early trade: A behavioral model without reputational effects

The present article focuses on the conditions that allow governments to increase property rights protection because they expect enough income from such action. We develop a behavioral explanation, according to which the answer lies in the growth in the importance, size and wealth of merchant guilds in the medieval era in Western Europe as well as a somewhat surprising effect of volatile price structures. We add to prior research by showing that even uncoordinated embargo pressures among multiple guilds could get medieval rulers to offer high levels of property rights protection.