中国参与国际金融危机治理与西方危机治理模式的比较

与以"华盛顿共识"为代表的西方金融危机治理模式相比,中国参与国际金融危机治理有着自身独特的理念和行为方式,并能够在治理实践中不断拓展和深化。通过两者的对比分析,在借鉴西方有益经验和摒弃失误局限的基础上,中国才能在参与国际金融危机治理过程中发挥自身的优势、做出建设性的贡献。     

Redefining Beijing Consensus: ten economic principles

We argue that, owing to the conspicuous failure of Washington Consensus-guided reforms in most parts of the developing world in the 1990s and the outbreak of the current global financial crisis, the Washington Consensus, as a general term of neoliberal free market economic thinking, has been withering. In the meantime, the Chinese economic model has gained wide recognition and praise worldwide. Joshua C. Ramo coined the term ‘Beijing Consensus’ as an alternative approach to economic development for developing nations. There has been hot debate on the notion of a Beijing Consensus. We argue that even though there are some problems in Ramo's original definition of Beijing Consensus, we should not reject this notion altogether. Instead, we should try to come up with better conceptualizations of this term. In this paper, we sum up 10 general principles of the Chinese development model as our new definition of the Beijing Consensus.     

The economics of metric conversion for small manufacturing firms in the United States

Several major aspects of the metric conversion process occurring in the United States are examined by comparing a group of sample companies that have converted to metric production with a control group of nonconverting companies. Data files were used to relate several explanatory variables to the degree or percentage of metric production for individual companies and to compare the financial characteristics of converting and nonconverting companies. Smaller companies, on average, did more metric work for a single customer than large firms. In addition, as the percentage of metric work performed by companies increased, their dependence on a single buyer of their products tended to decrease. The analysis of the conversion process as a function of financial variables concluded that the conversion process was positively and significantly related to 1) long-term profitability, 2) liquidity, and 3) the size of firms as represented by the number of employees. Additional documentation is needed on the metric conversion process in distinct industries by firm size to more fully understand whether the process of technological diffusion is translated from large to small firms or begins in small firms themselves.     

Electric vehicles: Market penetration and positive externalities

In this paper, we develop a methodology for approximating the market penetration potential for electric vehicles (EVs). The model is dynamic in nature and explicitly accounts for the competitive effects of conventional vehicles. Unlike many previous models, it does not require an estimation of the time required to achieve a 50% market share. Instead, the model allows one to endogenously determine the rate of market penetration, as well as the ceiling level. We note that some electric vehicle characteristics limit marketability to consumers unaffected by the disadvantages associated with operating EVs. These characteristics are accounted for in the model by the use of a substitution index. The addition of the substitution index allows one to explicitly account for variations in prices, climate, and geographic contour, all of which affect market potential. Electric vehicles are expected to result in positive social benefits by way of reduced pollution emissions and because of the concomitant decrease in the consumption of gasoline that market adoption would bring about. However, the social benefits will not be captured in the market and will not, therefore, encourage the use of these alternatives to conventional vehicles. This means that the rate of adoption of electric vehicles will be slower than is socially optimal, which is a potential argument for government subsidies for electric vehicles. In this paper, we explore a method for analyzing the benefits associated with the adoption of electric vehicles.     

中国经济转型与发展的政治经济学分析——基于中俄经济转型比较

虽然中国的经济转型已经取得了重大的成果,然而目前改革的任务依然艰巨,旨在从政治经济学的角度来理解我国正在经历的转型之路.通过对中俄经济转型的理论基础华盛顿共识和制度演进主义的比较分析,思考中国经济转型与未来发展之路.     

Regularity and diversity in firm size distributions in U.S. industries

The size distribution of firms in manufacturing industries has long been a matter of interest in industrial organization. Distribution in different industries show considerable regularity that static economic theory fails to explain. Stochastic growth models appear to provide some insights, but empirical tests of the log-normal or Pareto distributions have been inconclusive. This paper draws on market share data for over three hundred U.S. manufacturing industries and analyses the distribution of largest firm sizes. A statistical test of the Pareto hypothesis, rather different from previous tests in the literature, decisively rejects that hypothesis as a general explanation for the upper tail of the distribution. Instead, great diversity among distributions is found, and the regularities that do emerge imply a greater clustering of large firms than predicted by theory.     

Increase response to industrial surveys

The results of this article support the contention that a prenotification telephone call increases the probability of response to a mail survey request. The article also discusses the practical problems associated with the use of a telephone prenotification in an industrial setting and provides a step-by-step procedure to help overcome these problems.     

基于LBS数据的历史文化街区旅游商业化空间分布研究——以江汉路及中山大道片历史文化街区为例

随着30个国家级历史文化街区的公布和文化旅游的繁荣发展,近年来,历史文化街区的旅游商业化发展问题备受关注。文章以武汉江汉路及中山大道片历史文化街区为例,通过Python爬虫从大众点评网站获取商户LBS数据,将商户业态分为8类,综合运用GIS的最邻近指数和核密度分析方法,研究了不同商业业态的空间分布特征及其影响因素。研究发现,不同类型的商业业态在空间分布类型及分布状态上均存在差异;商业业态的空间分布会受到历史文化资源分布密度、街巷空间和政策等因素的影响。最后,针对历史文化街区的商业业态空间分布提出建议。     

Valuation and firm investment and financing policies with personal tax biases

In this paper we examine firm financial policies in the presence of personal tax biases (e.g., favoring capital gains relative to interest and dividends). A form of the value additivity principle (VAP) for the tax bias case is established and applied to the firm's merger, investment, financial structure, and dividend decisions. As with the neutral tax VAP, the revised VAP requires transaction costless capital markets but does not require capital market completeness or competitiveness. Share value maximization is found not to be the proper goal for a firm that seeks to maximize the shareholders' current expected utility; however, it is found that share value maximization is generally a good approximate objective. Firm investment policy with financial structure irrelevance (owing to offsetting personal and corporate taxes) is examined assuming that the revised VAP holds.