Marketing executives' perceptions of equitable salary increases

Employees' perceptions of fair and equitable salary increases is the subject of this article. Factors hypothesized to be the major determinants of the “perceived amount of pay that should be received” in Lawler's model of pay satisfaction are employed as predictor variables in a multiple regression equation context to explain the observed variation in executives' perceptions of fair and equitable salary increases. A national sample of industrial marketing executives were surveyed. A significant relationship was observed between employees perceptions of fair and equitable salary increases and a number of perceived personal job input and job demands related variables, current salary and wage history, and perceived non-monetary outcomes which are theorized in Lawler's model to be among the major determinants of the perceived amount of pay that should be received.     

A revisionist perspective of European research in economics

The study by Kalaitzidakis et al. (Eur. Econom. Rev. 113 (1999a) 1150-1168, hereafter KMS) continues to exert significant influence on the literature that evaluates the relative publication performance of European centres of research in economics. The current paper argues that the methodology employed by KMS is deficient, and that it is not the methodology these authors intended to employ. I utilise an improved approach to revise the original rankings that relied on publication output from 1991 to 1996, and to update the relevant findings using 1997-2002 data. The revised rankings differ greatly from those reported by KMS. The results also suggest that there have been dramatic shifts in the relative ranking of the various European institutions over time. As expected, rankings are sensitive to the choice of journals considered. However, ranking sensitivity is considerably more pronounced with respect to changes in individual performance over time, than to the group of journals used to measure performance.     

我国企业合并会计处理方法选择的现实思考

由于选择不同的会计处理方法对企业的财务状况及经营成果影响很大，因此企业合并的会计处理方法选择一直是国内外会计界最有争议的问题之一。在权益结合法行将被美国乃至世界大多数国家淘汰之际，我国上市公司与非上市公司的换股合并无一例外地采用了权益结合法。为了保证会计信息的可靠性和相关性，应尽快制定适合我国国情的《企业合并准则》来规范企业合并的会计选择。     

Hayek and Experimental Economics

This paper is an address given to the Austrian legislature in Vienna, Austria on March 3, 2004. The main focus is on the connection between insights from F.A. Hayeks research program and experimental economics.     

企业并购交易决策博弈分析

企业并购是并购交易双方在追求各自利益最大化的前提下所进行的博弈过程。由于企业并购交易市场的信息不对称性和不完美性，企业并购交易将会出现市场完全成功、部分成功、接近失败和完全失败四种不同性质和效率的市场均衡，其中只有市场完全成功是最理想和有效率的均衡。但在具体的企业并购交易中出现哪种均衡，主要取决于企业并购交易博弈模型中不同质量目标企业的价值、交易价格、风险成本和质量高、低比例之间的相互关系。减少出现上述三种低效率均衡机会的最有效方法是克服企业并购交易市场的信息不对称性问题，并提高并购企业的识别能力。     

中国上市公司并购绩效的实证分析

西方经典企业并购理论可主要归结为使总价值增加的效率理论、自大理论、代理问题和再分配理论。为检验这些理论在中国的适用性，本文分别采用会计研究法和事件研究法，对中国上市公司1999年发生的85起控制权转让案和2002年55起重大资产重组案的并购绩效进行了全面分析，兼顾了并购绩效产生所需的时间因素和实证研究的实效性，从而揭示中国企业并购之动机及其绩效。研究表明，并购重组给目标企业带来了收益，其CAR为24．502％，超过20％的国际水平；而收购企业收益不大且缺乏持续性。同时本文结合个案分析补充大样本研究的不足，得出并购理论在中国具有一定适用性。最后，本文从并购动机、并购方式等不同角度分析了我国并购失败率高的原因。     

Coal gasification: An economic evaluation

Political interest in developing the capability to produce gaseous fuel from coal in the United States has been cyclical in nature, depending primarily upon the security of the international market for oil and public attitudes toward nuclear power. Interest in coal gasification technology by private investors, however, depends primarily on the economic and technological considerations analyzed in this paper. A cost forecasting model is developed with the capability to take into account future economic and technological uncertainties associated with producing high BTU gas (a substitute for natural gas) from coal. The cost forecasting model incorporates probabilistic information on key economic and technological parameters subject to future uncertainty and simulates, by Monte Carlo methods, the costs which private investors would incur over the life of a commercial size coal gasification plant. The results suggest it is highly unlikely that the coal gasification process could produce high BTU gas more cheaply than the price at which natural gas is likely to be available.The cost forecasting model is also modified to compare the cost per kilowatt–hour of generated electricity when fueling a 1,000 Mw power plant with oil versus high BTU gas from coal. Again, based upon the costs to private investors, the simulation results indicate a very low probability that high BTU gas from coal would prove the least costly fuel for generating electricity.The implied economic infeasibility for private investment in coal gasification does not necessarily provide a basis for public policy to abandon the technology. Public policy recommendations must consider social costs as well as private costs. Possibly the greatest social cost associated with abandoning coal gasification is the risk of a significant energy supply interruption. A diversified national energy policy including coal gasification may in fact be less costly if relevant social costs are included in the calculations. Results from the cost forecasting model indicate the size and type of public subsidies that may be necessary to support a diversified energy industry which would include coal gasification.     

跨国并购对我国的影响及其对策

近期跨国公司有通过合并、收购、相互参股或者建立战略联盟的方式来达到优势互补、增加协同效应、提高市场进入效率和控制力进而提升自己的竞争力的特点,这将有助于我国产业结构的调整、升级和优化,促使新的资金、技术密集型产业支柱形成,但也会造成国有资产的流失和垄断。应尽快出台完善的并购法律和反垄断措施,优化国家产业政策,明确规定跨国公司并购投资的产业导向,杜绝国内稀缺资源流失,将负面作用降到最低程度。     

旅行社企业的间接寻租型并购探析

在我国．国际旅游业务市场存在着进入管制，从而使得这个市场出现了超额利润，即经济租。一些旅行社企业通过并购的方式绕开政策壁垒．从事国际旅游业务的经营以获取经济租收入。由于寻租的对象非设租方而是租金的既定所有者，故谓之间接寻租型并购。这个租因政策管制而生，亦将因管制撤消而无。间接寻租型并购有助于经济租的良性消散，在实践上具有一定的创新意义。     

Economic and political competition in neoclassical and evolutionary perspective

Neoclassical welfare economics still looms large in the discipline of public choice. Particularly, by constructing analogies of political competition fundamental shortcomings of old neoclassical paradigms found their way into a new theory of political economy. Especially the failure to deal with the problem of limited knowledge and with the role of institutions obscured fundamental differences between political and economic systems of coordination and control. Hence, I propose a non-neoclassical perspective, using Hayekian concepts like competition as a discovery procedure or spontaneous order to develop an alternative agenda for many fields of public choice. I shall first outline a critique of neoclassical equilibrium settings in economics and in similarly constructed models of democracy. Then various properties of economic and political institutions, the competition of ideas and institutional competition among jurisdictions will be discussed in an evolutionary perspective. Not surprisingly, these applications reveal some similarities to central themes of constitutional political economy.