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This study assessed how and to what extent self-regulation of online behavioral advertising (OBA) is executed on participating companies' websites. Based on the principles of OBA, as outlined by the Digital Advertising Alliance and Federal Trade Commission, we analyzed the format of OBA notices, explanation of OBA notices, opt-out options, transparency, and use of unacceptable notices. A series of content analyses was done in the years 2013 and 2015. Our results indicated slight improvements over the years, but the specific details of the implementation continued to fall short of the standards. In terms of accessibility and visibility, many websites demonstrated problematic presentations or lack of the components necessary to increase consumers' understanding and control over the practice of OBA. 相似文献
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Maria Petrescu Michela Mingione John Gironda Herbert Brotspies 《Journal of Marketing Communications》2013,19(7):738-762
AbstractThe present study analyses the impact of ad scepticism on the way consumers perceive advertising and process its effects, and considers the influence of ad disclaimers. We conduct an experiment that explores three different contexts, namely (1) the total absence of ad disclaimers, (2) the presence of a retouch-free disclaimer and (3) the presence of a retouched disclaimer. By showing how ad scepticism fits in the advertising attitudinal approach, and how new digital developments affect consumers’ processing of advertisements, the results of this experiment can contribute to the marketing literature and clarify relevant topics for practitioners. This paper shows the significant influence played by ad believability and attitude towards the ad on behavioural intentions. This underlines, particularly for marketing practitioners, the importance of an ad’s believability and the credibility of its claims in the sales outcome. Most importantly, the framework offered by this paper shifts the attention towards the believability of advertising disclaimers aimed at clarifying the use of digitally enhanced images. 相似文献
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Using a vertically differentiated product model, this paper examines welfare implications of various government policies in a situation where consumers are environmentally discerning. It studies ad valorem taxes/subsidies and emission taxes. The optimal policy depends on the magnitude of damage parameter associated with environmental externality. For a given distribution of tastes and preferences, as the damage parameter increases from a low to a high value, the optimal policy shifts from an ad valorem tax to an ad valorem subsidy. It also shows that for a sufficiently low damage parameter, an ad valorem tax dominates an emission tax. 相似文献
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针对现有机器人自组网运动控制模型无法真实反映机器人运动规律的问题,提出一种新的群组运动控制模型(group movement control model,GMCM)。该模型基于机器人通用运动学模型,采用群组控制算法,对传统群组随机运动模型——参考点群组运动模型(reference point groupmobility,RPGM)进行修改,可描述机器人编队解散和集合的运动状态,满足群组分割与合并的需求。进一步实现GMCM模型,并基于GMCM,RPGM,DRGM模型对机器人自组网路由协议进行模拟仿真。结果表明,基于GMCM模型仿真时协议性能有所降低,较为真实地模拟了机器人编队运动,对机器人自组网的研究具有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
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As government-mandated lockdowns and steep declines in trade set in because of the COVID-19 pandemic, a common theme became apparent in the advertising of the time: It was all the same. Regardless of the product category or brand personality, many ads were remarkably similar. They began with melancholy music, voiceovers reminding the audience that the brand is here for them, and referred to these times as “unprecedented” and “extraordinary.” Ads reassured viewers that “together, we can get through this.” In this installment of Marketing & Technology, we articulate the problem of advertising sameness and explore how and why it likely arises during a time of crisis. We then discuss why advertising uniformity is a problem and present a series of strategic, media, and creative considerations—taking into account the constraints of a crisis— to help marketing professionals produce more effective advertising in the context of a disaster. 相似文献
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Recent rounds of GATT and later WTO have advocated widespread tariffication, meaning that existing non-tariff barriers be converted into import equivalent tariffs. From an economic point of view, the effects of such tariffication are not entirely clear. The paper presents a trade model with monopolistic competition to examine the welfare effects of tariffication. The ranking of pre- and post-tariffication welfare crucially depends on the nature of the initial trade barrier and the tariff tool applied. Tariffication using a specific (ad valorem) tariff results in the same (reduced) welfare level compared to an initial sold quota, whereas welfare is increased (the same) compared to an initial shared quota. 相似文献
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网络模拟是进行网络技术研究的一种基本手段。在新技术的研究过程中,由于各种原因,实际网络系统的实现往往是代价较高或者是不现实的。在这种情况下,模拟就成了最佳可供选择的测试、评估和验证的手段之一。NS正是这样一种针对网络技术的开源软件模拟平台。发展到现在,它所包含的模块已经非常丰富,几乎涉及了网络技术的所有方面。所以NS成为了目前学术界广泛使用的一种网络模拟软件。 相似文献
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针对普通AODV路由协议存在的路由发现和路由维护巨大开销问题,提出了一种改进的AODV路由协议。仿真结果表明,改进的AODV路由协议能有效地减少路由开销和端到端传输时延,提高协议效率和可靠性。 相似文献