Who is the Athlete Endorser? A Cross-Cultural Exploration of Advertising Practitioners’ Views

ABSTRACT

This study, via the use of focus groups, explores the common meanings that advertising practitioners in 10 countries associate with athlete endorsers. The study's macro perspective brings a unique understanding of practitioners’ universal thinking and practices in relation to athlete endorsement. It reveals that practitioners across the world correlate athlete endorsers with a wide range of positive and useful psychological, social, physical, skillfulness, and sport meanings. In particular, authenticity, objective performance, and the athletes’ belonging to the realm of sport—considered by practitioners as a carrier of positive meanings and as a “meeting place” between audiences and endorsers—were identified as greatly contributing to athletes’ positive endorsement value. The article places the various universal dimensions of athletes raised by practitioners in a holistic conceptual profile, in order to help visualize and organize thoughts when selecting athlete endorsers for marketing campaigns.     

Brand value creation: Analysis of the Interbrand-Business Week brand value rankings

Brand value has become an important corporate performance metric, as can be observed from the close following of the annual Top 100 Brand Values ranked by brand consultancy firm Interbrand and reported in Business Week. In this study, we employ a simultaneous equations model to examine the non-linear influence of lagged advertising, marketing promotions and R&D expenses on brand value after controlling for net income and lagged brand valuation. We infer that these lagged expenses yield diminishing returns to brand value. The effect of R&D expense is the weakest, possibly because it is confounded with the advertising and promotional effects. Differences across industry segments or country base are not statistically significant.     

中国广告产业集群化发展的战略选择与制度审视

本文运用产业集群理论,阐述了中国广告产业集群化发展的现实必需及其战略意义。文章在审视中国广告产业现状的基础上,指出中国广告公司要实现对广告业发达国家的超越,必须创新广告产业发展路径,走专业化-专门化-集群化-规模化的产业发展之路,专业化和专门化是集群化发展的基础和保障,规模化是集群化发展的必然走向,而公共政策的制度供给则是广告产业集群化发展的迫切需求。     

30年广告镜像:社会价值观念的嬗变(1979-2008)

本研究从中观层面入手,把中观层面的广告经营观变革分为五个阶段：产品力阶段（1979-1983）、文化力阶段（1984-1993）、媒介力阶段（1994-1997）、营销力阶段（1998-2003）和品牌力阶段（2004-2008）。在对广告界多位资深人士进行问卷调查和深度访问基础上,从中遴选出最具代表性的15个经典案例或事件。考察各阶段广告传播的微观波动——消费观,并从宏观角度寻找其与中观、微观律动的深层原因——时代观,以此管窥中国社会价值观念的变迁机制。     

Do Interruptions Pay off? Effects of Interruptive Ads on Consumers' Willingness to Pay

We present the results of a study designed to measure the impact of interruptive advertising on consumers' willingness to pay for products bearing the advertiser's brand. Subjects participating in a controlled experiment were exposed to ads that diverted their attention from a computer game they were testing. We measured subjects' willingness to pay for a good associated with the advertised brand. We found that the ads significantly lowered the willingness to pay for goods associated with the advertising brand. We do not find conclusive evidence that providing some level of user control over the appearance of ads mitigates the negative impact of ad interruption. Our results contribute to the research on the economic impact of advertising, and introduce a method of measuring actual (as opposed to self-reported) willingness to pay in experimental marketing research.     

浅谈城市公交系统广告的现状与发展——以武汉市公交系统广告为例

随着我国经济的快速发展和人口数量的不断增长,作为大众出行的主要交通工具一城市公交系统得至Ⅱ了蓬勃发展,同时也给公交系统的兄弟产业一公交广告带来了无限商机。本文以具体城市一武汉为切入点,展开对当前城市公交广告的调查分析,提出公交系统广告今后的发展趋势。     

Determinants of UK Box Office Success: The Impact of Quality Signals

This paper analyses the roles of various quality signals in the demand for cinema attendance in the United Kingdom. Estimation of a three-stage least squares model with data for 527 films released in the United Kingdom shows that the impacts of advertising and critical reviews on box office revenues vary both in channels and magnitudes of impact. Our model treats total advertising as endogenous, alongside the number of opening screens and total box office revenues, while critical reviews are considered exogenous. Our results show that total advertising affects total box office revenue while responding endogenously to critical reviews.     

Advertising budgets in competitive environments

Firms can approach advertising competition either by setting advertising budgets (as in the percentage of sales method) or target sales levels (as in the objective and task approach). We study firms’ incentives to adopt one or the other posture using a two-stage model of duopolistic competition. In the first stage, each firm chooses to commit either to an advertising budget, letting its sales follow from the market response function, or to a desired sales level, promising to adjust its advertising spending accordingly. In the second stage, firms choose the actual levels of their advertising budget or sales target. When prices are exogenous, we show that, due to strategic effects, if a firm benefits from its rival’s advertising (as when advertising increases awareness of the product category) then setting an advertising budget dominates setting a sales target. On the other hand, if a firm is harmed by its rival’s advertising (as when advertising increases the firm’s share of a fixed market), then committing to a sales level dominates. We extend these results in several directions and show that when firms engage in price competition as well as advertising the nature of advertising and product-market competition interact to determine whether setting an advertising budget or sales target dominates.

全面评价媒体的广告效果——媒体广告效果=收视×影响力指数

本研究借鉴国内外传媒研究者关于媒体质化研究的既有成果,集聚四家研究和调查机构及多名专家的智慧和经验,首次提出电视媒体影响力指数的概念和指标体系,并选取中央电视台、省级电视台、城市电视台三个层次共323个频道和60个全国收视率最高的代表性栏目,在全国35个中心城市对10500个样本进行了大规模的入户调查。分析结果表明,中央电视台是最具影响力的电视媒体,省级卫视影响力出现明显分化;电视栏目影响力上,中央电视台在新闻财经类栏目上优势明显,省级卫视在综艺影视剧类节目表现上与央视的差距正在缩小。本文还就收视率与影响力之间的相关性做了分析,并对这些研究结果的实际运用提出了策略性建议。     

You eat “like a girl”: gender differences in content and effects of food advertising depicting sports

Research to date is just beginning to examine the nature and impact of portrayals of physical activity on children’s attitudes in the marketing literature. The following two-part study therefore examines gender differences in the content and effects of food advertising depicting physical activities among children. Study one presents a content analysis of food advertisements shown during children’s television programming, revealing that healthy foods are associated with females while healthy activities are associated predominantly with males. Study two then examines children’s responses to an advertisement for an unhealthy food that portrays both male and female characters engaged in physical activities. Gender differences appeared to be the result of males’ greater belief that a junk food can aid in one’s physical abilities, leading them to hold greater intentions to engage in physical activity as compared to females and males who viewed an ad without physical activity.