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131.
The positive impact of air transport liberalisation as suggested by economic theories and empirical studies has inspired many developing countries like Nigeria to liberalise some of its Air Service Agreements (ASAs). This paper seeks to examine the extent to which international air service liberalisation has impacted upon Nigeria ten years after it was introduced. The research developed a cross-sectional model with passenger traffic as the dependent variable, while macroeconomic factors (trade and GDP), historical links, distance and ASAs (a proxy for liberalisation) served as independent or predictor variables. The analysis revealed a set of ASA stages in the country's policy-making process (restricted Bilateral Air Service Agreement, Open Skies Agreement and Yamoussoukro Declaration). Further analysis showed that the predictor variables were all significant in explaining passenger demand. The model demonstrated that the liberalisation of market access to the Open Skies Agreement level could stimulate traffic growth by at least 65 percent. The findings can assist in guiding policy and industry stakeholders in future decisions relating to liberalisation and ASAs. 相似文献
132.
Farshid Azadian Alper E. Murat Ratna Babu Chinnam 《Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review》2012,48(1):355-372
The route planning of time-sensitive air-cargo is becoming more important with the growing air-network congestion and delays. We consider a freight forwarder’s routing of a time-sensitive air-cargo in the presence of real-time and historical information regarding flight availability, departure delays and travel times. A departure delay estimation model is developed to account for real-time information inaccuracy. A novel Markov decision model is formulated and solved with online backward induction. Through synthetic experiments and case studies, we demonstrate that dynamic routing with real-time information can improve delivery reliability and reduce expected cost. 相似文献
133.
David Ervin JunJie Wu Madhu Khanna Cody Jones Teresa Wirkkala 《Business Strategy and the Environment》2013,22(6):390-409
This paper integrates two conceptual frameworks, utility maximization and institutional theory, to analyze voluntary corporate environmental management. The utility maximization or economic approach centers on motivations to decrease cost, increase revenue and improve manager utility. Institutional theory emphasizes how external pressures from market and non‐market constituents shape the firm's environmental efforts. We view the two frameworks as complementary and postulate a model that includes both types of influences. Survey data from six major industries consisting of a diverse set of facilities are used to estimate the effects of economic and institutional factors on a facility's use of environmental practices and pollution‐prevention activities. Our results support the hypothesized model, and show that cost barriers, management attitudes toward environmental stewardship, company ownership and external institutional forces, including competitiveness, investor and regulatory pressures, all affect a facility's environmental practices and pollution prevention activities. Findings suggest that a multifaceted policy strategy is needed to advance corporate environmental management across diverse firms. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment 相似文献
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通过对山东省外贸出口、FDI与工业废水排放量关系的实证分析研究了外贸增长方式转变的环境效应,认为FDI对环境污染有抑制作用,但作用较小而且入世后较入世前作用降低;外贸出口加剧了环境污染,但入世后总体污染程度较入世前降低,最后提出相关政策建议。 相似文献
136.
经济发展导致了环境污染,而监测部门的统计数据是从不同方面对环境状况的反映,这不可避免带来了信息重叠、多指标难以进行比较分析的困难。本文应用主成分分析法及聚类分析法,根据广东省空气污染和治理方面等实际情况作了一定的简化、分析及研究,并给出了相应的解决方案与对策。 相似文献
137.
Rita Yi Man Li 《Economic Affairs》2012,32(2):81-87
In 1960, Ronald Coase suggested that there are many methods to solve the problem of externalities apart from imposing Pigovian taxes. Internalisation is one of those noted in his classic paper, ‘The Problem of Social Cost’. This paper studies the possibility of residents receiving compensation from pollutant generators. Data collected from Hong Kong law reports over the past 20 years show that there is forty‐fold increase in number of water seepage court cases since the first case in 1994. The total amount of compensation has also increased greatly. There are, however, far fewer court cases where residents seek compensation from generators of noise and air pollution. This may reflect a combination of high transaction costs and low expected benefits from such cases. 相似文献
138.
高校化学实验室几种废液的处理方法探索 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
高校化学实验室产生的废液不经处理便直接排入下水道,势必给环境和人类健康带来较大危害。针对这些问题,文章探索了几种方法对废液进行简单有效的处理和回收。 相似文献
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140.
废电池中的重金属威胁着人类健康和生存环境.本文介绍了电池的种类和组成,对废旧电池中金属可回收价值进行讨论,并对其回收方法进行研究. 相似文献