长三角地区经济增长与环境污染再研究——基于分位数回归方法

运用刻画不同区段边际变化影响的分位数回归方法,对长三角地区经济增长与废水排放关系进行实证检验,得出以下结论:1)长三角地区废水染排放与经济发展呈现同步递增关系,环境库兹涅茨倒U关系在长三角地区并不成立;2)分位数回归分析表明,高收入水平对应相对低的边际排放,随着收入增加长三角地区废水排放增速放缓;3)产业结构、城市化、技术水平等对废水排放的影响随分位点增加呈现递减趋向。     

能源结构调整的税收政策选择

能源是经济发展的动力,常规化石能源储量限制及其带来的环境问题已经成了经济发展的瓶颈因素,发展丰富、清洁的新能源极为迫切,但在现行市场机制下,能源产业的外部成本和外部收益均未得到有效体现,能源市场的发展存在着市场失灵,为此,可以通过附加税收政策内化常规化石能源的外部成本和优惠税收政策内化新能源的外部收益,以实现能源结构的调整。     

黄石市基本农田水稻中重金属污染评价分析

对黄石市基本农田稻米中重金属含量进行了分析测定并进行相应的分析评价,以明确该地区稻米中的重金属污染情况。结果表明：基本农田稻米整体上已经受到了Pb污染,大冶市和阳新县的稻米均为重度Pb污染（污染指数分别为5.469和3.689）,未受到其他重金属污染（其他重金属的污染指数均小于1）;分析不同样点的污染情况,62%的样点为重污染水平,18%的样点为中污染水平,16%的样点为轻污染水平,其他为清洁水平;分析污染原因可能主要由废水浇灌以及大气重金属尘沉降等引起。     

吉林省经济增长与环境污染水平计量模型研究

根据吉林省1992~2004年经济与环境数据,以废水、固体废物、烟尘、粉尘、SO2和COD的排放量作为环境污染程度指标,以人均GDP作为经济发展指标,建立了吉林省环境库兹涅茨曲线的计量模型。研究结果表明,吉林省人均GDP在4000~5000元时,环境污染程度达到最大。经分析可知,决定吉林省环境库兹涅茨曲线特征的主要因素是粗放型的经济增长模式。     

经济密度、人口规模与环境污染——基于城市面板数据的实证分析

选取2005-2016年285个地级及以上城市数据,利用静态和动态短面板模型分析经济密度和人口规模对环境污染的影响,分析表明:经济密度与环境污染之间存在“倒U型”关系,人口规模扩大会抑制污染物排放;不同等级城市经济密度、不同规模城市人口对环境污染的影响方向一致,但影响程度有所差异;前期污染排放对当期具有正向影响,环境污染物排放存在路径依赖;经济发展水平、工业产值占比和对外开放也是影响污染物排放的重要因素,但各指标对三类污染物排放的影响方向和影响程度存在差异。据此认为,在综合考虑城市具体空间区位条件下,人口适度集聚,提高城市经济密度,优化产业结构以及加强环境监管是环境治理的重要方向。     

Considering the nuclear option: Hidden benefits and social costs of nuclear power in the U.S. since 1970

Although burning fossil fuels has environmental consequences, many countries have switched away from nuclear power in favor of fossil-fuel fired electricity production after incidents at Three Mile Island, Chernobyl, and Fukushima. This study estimates the substitution between nuclear and fossil-fuel fired electricity generation in the United States. Using an event-study framework, we leverage nuclear plant openings from 1970 to 1995 and forced nuclear plant outages from 1999 to 2014. Plant openings (nuclear outages) reduce (increase) monthly net coal-fired generation by approximately 200 GWh, implying a considerable reduction (increase) in emissions. We find that the substitution between nuclear and coal is not one-to-one, as has been assumed in prior literature. After establishing these stylized facts, we explore the potential underlying forces driving the observed substitution between coal and nuclear.     

Attitudes of ageing passengers to air travel since the coronavirus pandemic

The coronavirus pandemic has had a devastating impact on the demand for air transport. One passenger segment that has received relatively little attention is ageing passengers (defined as aged 65+), in spite of the fact that this group has been disproportionately affected by COVID-19, and in recent years has been viewed as a potential growth market. Therefore, the aim of this brief paper is to analyse the attitudes of ageing passengers by assessing air travel plans in the next 12 months, examining the factors influencing future flying decisions, and investigating the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on perceived risks and experiences associated with flying. The findings show that over 60% of ageing passengers are planning to travel by air in the next 12 months, although the nature of their trips may change. Factors such as flexible ticket booking and quarantine rules do not appear to be key drivers affecting travel decisions and within the different stages of the air journey, getting to/from the airport is perceived as the safest stage. The findings suggest that there are various COVID-19 implications for airlines and airports serving this market segment, ranging from the use of self-service technology, the generation of commercial/ancillary revenues and the design of surface access policies.     

Comparison of public perception and risk management decisions of aircraft noise near Taoyuan and Kaohsiung International Airports

This study uses multiple linear regression to identify factors contributing to perceived risk among residents near Taoyuan and Kaohsiung International Airports, the effect of perceived risk on their willingness to reduce risk, and consumption preferences that can reduce risk. Results indicated that residents' risk perception near Taoyuan Airport is lower than that near Kaohsiung Airport. Noise pollution experience, perceived probability of environmental contamination and negative effects, and perceived severity of catastrophic consequences significantly increase residents' perceived risks. Residents are willing to recognize and participate in mitigating the risks of aircraft noise pollution. The more risk residents perceive, the more willing they are to participate in disaster reduction and investigate means of improving the risk environment.     

Study of emerging air taxi network operation using discrete-event systems simulation approach

This research focuses on understanding the air taxi operations to determine the number of air taxis required to fulfill the demand for urban air mobility in New York City (NYC). We leverage the Define, Measure, Analyze, Design, and Verify (DMADV) framework and integrate it with the systems simulation approach. Upon investigation, we find that all the parameters linearly impact the vehicle utilization, while other measures are robust, specifically with respect to the seating capacity. It is also recommended to operate initially with 70 air taxis in NYC to achieve a trade-off between customer wait time and vehicle utilization. The proposed approach can act as a recommender system for air taxi companies.     

A SWOT analysis of China's air cargo sector in the context of COVID-19 pandemic

This paper discusses the situation of China's air cargo sector facing the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the expectation that it can go out of recession more easily than China's air passenger sector, this paper analyzes four aspects that are favorable and unfavorable for its further development: (1) strengths (China's sustainable economic basis and proliferating cargo suppliers), (2) weaknesses (insufficient cargo capacity and less business internationalization), (3) opportunities (top authority support, rising e-commerce demand, and new technological momentum), and (4) challenges (uncertain trade environment and increasing profitability pressure). Then this paper suggests strategies for China's air cargo suppliers to adapt to the pandemic.