Far East Asia tourist market segmentation by push attributes

The purpose of this study is to segment the Far East Asia tourist market by using push attributes and to delineate related implications. Literature regarding these related studies and market segmentation processes was reviewed. This study utilized push attribute data collected from those people who would most likely travel to the Far East Asia in the early part of the twenty‐first century. A factor‐cluster approach was employed to find and explore the market characteristics. Seven factors and six clusters were extracted from the data analyses. Cluster scores were significantly different by destination, by country of origin, and by themselves. Clusters have unique characteristics in terms of push attributes. Thus, there is a need to cater each cluster by considering the market preferences separately. Further research is recommended to further the understanding of the Far East Asian tourist market.     

Policies for agricultural development in Peninsular Malaysia

This paper highlights land use changes in the agricultural sector of Peninsular Malaysia. Since rational land use necessitates consideration of alternatives in relation to the natural potential of the land, the author examines the land resource inventory based on soil suitability and land utilization. This is followed by a discussion of land use changes brought about by public sector land development agencies and the private sector. The author gives a review of current land use policies and concludes with possible alternatives for the future.     

Linguistic and Religious Influences on Foreign Trade: Evidence from East Asia*

Using a modified gravity model and the cross‐sectional data of East Asian economies, the present paper presents evidence that supports the view that the effect of distance‐related transaction costs on trade tends to fall over time. Overall religious influence on foreign trade exists in the post‐Cold War period but not during the Cold War period. The effects of language on inter‐regional trade and of religion on intra‐regional trade both weaken over time. In all cases, religion tends to have more significant influences on intra‐regional trade than language, and language tends to exert more significant influences on inter‐regional trade than religion. Finally, from 1985 to 1995 there is an indication that: (i) English becomes more important for inter‐regional trade; (ii) Bahasa, English and Khmer become less important for intra‐regional trade; and (iii) Chinese plays an increasing role in both intra‐regional and inter‐regional trade.     

中国西南地区面向东南亚的区域专业化分工与合作研究

全球化的发展加强了各国间的经济联系,促进了国际区域间的专业化分工与合作。文章认为,中国西南地区与东南亚各国间的经济联系伴随中国——东盟贸易自由区的建成而更加紧密。中国西南地区与东南亚之间在区域差异的基础上,基于外部竞争压力与内部发展诉求,会在现有有利合作条件下,形成有利于双方的区域专业化分工与合作格局。     

The Strategic Importance of Retail Investment in Asia and Its Implications for the Metro Group in Asia

Abstract

The speed, intensity and reach of retailers' foreign expansion are rising. As more distant markets have to be chosen to stay competitive, the pressure to expand abroad is increasing. Often, changing or stretching the initial business model in order to comply with local market demand maintains the performance of the firm. This phenomenon of strategy alteration after market entry is examined, using the Metro Cash and Carry expansion into Asia as an example. First, the investment attractiveness of Asia as a region is examined. Second, there is a review of countries in Asia that are especially considered for business expansion. Finally, the question of how an overall internationalisation strategy or business concept of a company changes after market entry into Asia is explored.     

货币危机理论综述

20世纪 90年代 ,在欧洲、拉美、东南亚以及其它地区发生的货币危机 ,引起了世界范围对货币投机攻击和固定汇率崩溃的关注。为了理解货币危机发生的原因和后果 ,研究人员进行了大量的理论和经验方面的研究工作。本文主要对有关货币危机理论文献进行较为详细的综述 ,为以后的研究提供一个平台。