融资成本、金融可得性与军民科技协同创新——基于中关村与湖南省实践分析

探索金融支持军民科技协同创新的有效途径,使资金链与创新链、产业链、政策链发展要求相适应,对军民科技协同创新发展具有重要意义。目前,我国军民科技协同创新面临融资成本高、金融可得性低的双重约束,中关村、湖南两地军民科技协同创新的成功实践表明,破除军民科技协同创新融资约束的关键在于发挥市场配置资源的决定性作用以及更好地发挥政府主导作用。具体而言,在科技创新活跃和金融服务相对完善地区,应搭建金融中介服务平台,充分发挥各市场主体的主观能动性;在科技创新潜力大但金融服务相对薄弱地区,应加强“银-政”合作,充分发挥开发性金融服务机构及地方政府的主动性和创造性,推动军民科技协同创新。     

Availability management of hotel rooms under cooperation with online travel agencies

Hotels are required to pay high commission fees when cooperating with online travel agencies (OTAs) to manage online marketing channels. Thus, to maximize their revenues, hotels protect their income through their own (traditional) marketing channels and save on considerable commissions by optimizing room availability for their cooperative OTAs. The present paper proposes a method to manage such availability in the context of a hotel cooperating with an OTA on room booking service. Customers can make reservations directly through the distribution channel of the hotel or indirectly through the OTA, if applicable, during the selling period. The hotel then forecasts room demand base on distribution information after receiving enough room bookings and optimizes room availability with respect to its maximum revenue by determining whether on-hand rooms are available for the OTA. Results indicate when hotel rooms become unavailable for the cooperative OTA. Numerical studies reveal that this method is conducive to the improvement of hotel revenue.     

数字金融对家庭金融资产配置的影响研究

摘 要：随着科技进步和社会发展,数字金融作为一种新的金融形态,为家庭金融资产配置提供了更多的选择和便利。本文基于家庭金融资产配置理论详细阐述了家庭金融资产面临的三大困境：信息有限性、金融素养有限性和金融接触有限性,得出数字金融在一定程度上能够正向推动家庭金融资产配置。基于此,提出持续推进数字金融的建设与发展、提升居民的金融素养和加强数字化信息的监管,以期进一步优化我国家庭金融资产配置结构。     

农村金融市场充足性缺口：实证分析

中国农村金融市场的充足性缺口是农村金融服务供给与有效需求之间的缺口.产生这种充足性缺口的重要原因是高风险、信息不对称和高交易成本.弥合这种缺口,就必须创新金融技术,积累人力资本和信息资本,发展有利于农村金融市场有效运行的物质和制度基础.     

The impact of professional standards on accounting judgments: The role of availability and comparative information

Given scant research on the influence of the AICPA’s Code of Conduct, this study examines the effects of professional standards for advocacy and integrity on a financial reporting decision. Based on the availability and priming literature, we test whether the current wording of two AICPA professional standards influence financial reporting decisions. Prior accounting research has documented cases where professionals were inclined toward a conservative or skeptical bias (Francis & Krishnan, 1999; Jenkins & Lowe, 1999) while other studies have documented an inclination toward a client-confirming bias (Hackenbrack & Nelson, 1996; Roberts, 2010). Our study examines whether using AICPA ethical standards as primes results in a neutral, unbiased financial reporting decision in a context in which there is substantial, yet inconclusive, evidence. Roberts (2010) documents the tendency for professionals to view integrity and advocacy as segregated objectives: one for promoting unbiased reporting, associated frequently with accounting-related decisions, and the other condoning client advocacy, typically associated with tax-related judgments. Hence, we test for availability effects based on separately-stated standards. However, the literature on comparative analysis explains that a combined concept containing counterbalancing features allows the participant to form causal relationships between the distinguishing components. This type of mental process brings the causal knowledge into working memory. Hence, a joint presentation of countervailing standards should result in a more balanced judgment, reflecting neither a conservative nor pro-client tendency.The psychology literature suggests that heuristics, such as availability priming and comparative analysis, are more likely to affect novice decision makers (e.g., jurors, clients, new hires, students) than experts whose work experiences could drive the results. This study examines the responses of upper-level accounting majors, and the results show that the participants are inclined toward conservative decision making. Participants exposed to a separately-stated standard for integrity respond conservatively, just as they do in a control group without explicit access to the professional standard. Similarly, even when exposed to AICPA Rule 102-6 allowing client advocacy, they report conservatively. In contrast, when the prime is a joint presentation of the standards, participants respond with an unbiased decision, which differs significantly from the consistently conservative response by the control group as well as by the participants primed with an isolated standard. We conclude that two AICPA standards (as currently worded) are best understood when they are aggregated. Whether this finding holds for professionals is an empirical question for future research. The implication is that accountants’ decision making could be enhanced by a revised professional standard reminding them to jointly consider the goals of unbiased decision making and justifiable client advocacy.     

A new measure of US residential broadband availability

The only comprehensive published indicator of residential broadband availability in the US is number of providers in each ZIP code, as reported by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). This measure has been widely used in academic and policy research to assess availability and to identify under-served areas, but it is acknowledged to be flawed and is often misinterpreted.     

基于虚拟化技术的校园网站群平台设计

随着信息化进程在我校推进,校园网站群日益庞大,一方面服务器资源和管理维护的需求在不断膨胀,一方面是硬件资源的利用率却持续低下,针对日趋严重的矛盾,笔者分析研究了虚拟化技术,根据校园网服务现状,规划设计了基于虚拟化技术的网站群平台。     

西部地区中小企业贷款可得性影响因素研究

中小企业融资问题是世界性难题之一,而在中小企业的外源融资途径中,银行贷款又占了最主要的地位,因此,研究影响中小企业银行贷款可获得性的因素,从而找到缓解中小企业的融资难问题的办法有着重要的理论与实际意义。本文基于对广西柳州市中小企业的调研数据,研究在中国西部中等城市,企业特征如何影响银行对其贷款的供给意愿。     

Drug use and its perceived consequences: A comparison of foodservice and non-foodservice employees

From 2015 to 2016, positive tests for illicit drugs in the United States increased from 4.0% to 4.2%. This increase reflects a worsening illicit drug-use problem in foodservice and other industries. A survey of foodservice and non-foodservice employees revealed significant differences on demographics and illicit drug-use behavior. Chi-square tests indicated these differences between foodservice and non-foodservice employees on age, ethnicity, education, and illicit drug-use. Independent t-tests indicated a significant difference in illicit drug-use concerns between drug users and non-drug users. Research findings revealed foodservice employees tend to focus primarily on short-term consequences (productivity and lethargy) of illicit drug-use, which may help explain the rampant use of these substances. Foodservice industry professionals need to take a more active role in combating illicit drug use among employees by drug-testing, having clear policies and procedures, increasing accountability and comradery among the workforce, and communicating the long-term negative outcomes of illicit drug use.     

智能手机应用与农户金融市场参与——基于中国农村家庭数据的实证

本文利用2017年中国家庭金融调查的农户数据,从“质”和“量”的双重视角实证检验智能手机应用对农村家庭参与风险性金融市场的影响,并识别其中可能存在的影响机制。采取工具变量法解决内生性问题后发现,智能手机应用在农户投资风险性金融资产方面起到显著的正向激励作用。进一步的机制分析揭示,智能手机应用可以通过增进金融知识和提高信贷可得性的途径,促进农户参与风险性金融市场。异质性分析结果表明,智能手机应用在帮助风险管理能力弱和没有务工经历的农户参与风险性金融市场方面,发挥的影响更大。因此,政府需要努力打通农村网络设施“最后一公里”,缓解农户面临的信贷约束,不断填平农村“数字鸿沟”,采取因地制宜、因人施策的金融知识普及政策,提高农户的金融知识素养和金融市场参与度。